Frequency and characteristics of ESBL-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from Mexican fresh cheese

LOEZA-LARA, Pedro Damián; MEDINA-ESTRADA, Ricardo Iván; BRAVO-MONZÓN, Ángel Eliezer; JIMÉNEZ-MEJÍA, Rafael

doi:10.1590/fst.108222

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Food Science and Technology

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol 43 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.108222 copy

Frequency and characteristics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from Mexican fresh cheese

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Fresh cheese is one of the most consumed products of the dairy industry in México. This study aimed to determine the frequency, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in fresh cheese. From fresh cheese samples, E. coli was isolated and the production of ESBL, the antibiotic resistance patterns, the frequency of resistance genes, and the genetic relationship were analyzed. Sixty ESBL-producing E. coli belonging to phylogenetic groups A, C, and B1 were isolated and were highly resistant to the beta-lactam antibiotics, tetracycline, streptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The bla_CTX-M gene was detected in all isolates, either alone or in combination with bla_TEM and bla_SHV. Similarly, a high frequency of resistance genes tetA, strA, and strB and class 1 integrons were found. According to their ERIC-PCR fingerprints, the E. coli were clustered into eight groups. In conclusion, a high frequency of ESBL-producing, genetically diverse, and multidrug-resistant E. coli was found in fresh cheese. The presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in fresh cheese constitutes a public health issue because these bacteria may be pathogenic or contribute to the dissemination of resistance genes to other pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria.

Keywords:
bacteria; cheese; antibiotic resistance; extended-spectrum beta-lactamases; integrons

Antibiotic	Resistance (%)	Susceptibility (%)
Ampicillin	100	0
Aztreonam	93.3	6.7
Azithromycin	8.3	91.7
Ceftazidime	68.3	31.7
Carbenicillin	100	0
Cefixime	100	0
Ciprofloxacin	33.3	66.7
Colistin	0	100
Chloramphenicol	36.7	63.3
Cefotaxime	100	0
Gentamicin	51.7	48.3
Imipenem	1.7	98.3
Kanamycin	33.3	66.7
Levofloxacin	20	80
Meropenem	0	100
Polymyxin B	0	100
Streptomycin	96.7	3.3
Tetracycline	100	0
Ticarcillin	100	0
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole	100	0

			Resistance genes
E. coli isolate	Phylogenetic group	Resistance pattern	bla _CTX-M	bla _TEM	bla _SHV	*intI1*	*intI2*	*strA*	*strB*	*tetA*	*tetB*
1.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCmCtxKmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
2.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
6.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxGmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+	+		+		+	+	+
10.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCipCmCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+					+	+	+
13.2	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCipCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+	+		+		+	+	+
21.2	A	ApAtmCbCfxCipCmCtxGmKmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+	+		+				+
22.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxGmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
27	A	ApAtmCbCfxCtxGmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+	+		+		+	+	+
29	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+				+	+
30	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+	+		+		+	+	+	+
31	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+	+		+		+	+		+
34	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxGmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
35	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxGmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
37.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCipCtxGmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
39.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCipCmCtxGmKmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
40.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxGmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+	+			+
41.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
42	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+	+		+		+	+	+
43	A	ApAtmAzmCazCbCfxCipCmCtxLvxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+	+	+	+		+	+	+
45	A	ApCbCfxCipCtxGmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
46	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCipCmCtxGmKmLvxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
47	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCipCmCtxGmKmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+	+		+				+
48	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
51	A	ApAtmCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
52	A	ApAtmAzmCbCfxCmCtxTcTicTmp-Smx	+					+	+	+
53	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
54.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
57	C	ApAtmCazCbCfxCipCmCtxGmKmLvxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
58	A	ApAtmCbCfxCipCmCtxGmKmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
59	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
60.2	C	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxIpmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+	+		+				+
61	A	ApAtmCbCfxCmCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+	+	+	+	+	+
63	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+	+
65	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCipCmCtxGmKmLvxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
67.1	C	ApAtmCazCbCfxCipCmCtxGmKmLvxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
68.1	A	ApAtmCbCfxCipCmCtxGmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+	+		+		+	+	+	+
69.2	A	ApAtmCbCfxCmCtxGmKmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
70.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
71.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCipCmCtxGmKmLvxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
73.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCmCtxGmKmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
75.1	C	ApAzmCbCfxCtxGmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
76.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCipCmCtxGmKmLvxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+		+
77.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCmCtxKmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
79.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxKmLvxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+					+
81.2	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCipCtxGmKmLvxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+	+			+
83.1	A	ApAtmCbCfxCmCtxGmKmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+	+		+		+	+	+
84.1	A	ApAtmCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
85.1	A	ApAtmCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+	+		+		+	+	+
86.1	A	ApAtmCbCfxCipCtxGmLvxTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
87.1	A	ApAtmCbCfxCtxGmKmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
88.2	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCipCmCtxGmKmLvxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+	+
90.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxGmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
91.2	A	ApCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+	+		+		+	+	+
92.2	A	ApAtmCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+	+		+		+	+	+
93.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+	+	+	+		+	+	+
94.2	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCipCmCtxGmKmLvxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
95.1	A	ApAtmCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
98.2	B1	ApAzmCbCfxCtxStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
99.1	A	ApAtmCazCbCfxCtxGmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+
100.2	A	ApAtmAzmCazCbCfxCtxGmStpTcTicTmp-Smx	+			+		+	+	+

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[1] *Corresponding author: rjimenez@ucemich.edu.mx