Evaluation of uniformity of physical and texture quality in manufacture of gluten-free noodles using single-screw extruders: a case study on local SMEs in Subang district-Indonesia

KUMALASARI, Rima; SHOLICHAH, Enny; HARYANTO, Aidil; HANIFAH, Umi; MAYASTI, Nur Kartika Indah; YUNIAR, Annisa Dwi

doi:10.1590/fst.82421

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol 42 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.82421 copy

Evaluation of uniformity of physical and texture quality in manufacture of gluten-free noodles using single-screw extruders: a case study on local SMEs in Subang district-Indonesia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In the production of gluten-free noodles by using a single screw extruder, cooking is done at two consecutive stages. Initially, the dough of gluten-free formula is steamed manually at certain times and temperatures. During extrusion, the pre-cooked dough is re-cooked inside the extruder barrel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the properties of gluten-free noodle (color, texture profile) produced from different production batches (batch 1 to 6) of two different single screw extruders (A: capacity 24 kg/hr, B: capacity 12 kg/hr) by using a single factor completely random design. The results showed that steaming process in batch cause intermitten time for extrusion and affected some non-uniform properties of the gluten-free noodles produced by the two extruders. The two extruders produced noodles with distinctive properties. The noodles from extruder A exhibited the hardness (average 26,925.14 ± 2,355.74gf) and adhesiveness (-7.66 ± 6.41 gs). The noodles of extruder B showed the elongation (157.91 ± 39.67%) and cohesiveness (0.91 ± 0.02).

Keywords:
extruder; gluten-free noodles; single screw; steaming, uniformity

Specifications	Extruder A	Extruder B
Screw type	Single Screw	Single Screw
Capacity	24 kg/h	12 kg/h
Product	Gluten-free noodle	Gluten-free noodle
Length of the screw	780 mm	502 mm
Screw diameter	65 mm	62 mm
Screw pitch	61,5 mm	43 mm
Screw rotation	37 RPM	40-50 RPM
Transmission	Gearbox	Gearbox
Heater	Electric heater 1000 W	Electric heater 500 W
Motor	Electric motor 5 kW	Electric motor 3,77 kW
Materials (screw and barrel)	Stainless steel 304	Stainless steel 304

Batch Steamning	Extruder A			Extruder B
Batch Steamning	L	a	b	L	a	b
Batch 1	70.85 ± 0.98^a	0.10 ± 0.15^a	3.41 ± 1.02^a	65.17 ± 0.73^a	0.10 ± 0.26^a	2. 11 ± 0.86^a
Batch 2	70.95 ± 1.22^a	0.24 ± 0.08^ab	3.20 ± 0.43^a	65.58 ± 0.72^a	0.53 ± 0.18^b	2.76 ± 0.65^a
Batch 3	70.72 ± 0.86^a	0.21 ± 0.11^ab	3.55 ± 1.17^a	65.66 ± 1.03^a	0.43 ± 0.19^b	2.74 ± 0.63^a
Batch 4	71.06 ± 0.78^a	0.29 ± 0.10^b	3.29 ± 0.81^a	65.58 ± 1.22^a	0.41 ± 0.15^b	2.77 ± 0.62^a
Batch 5	70.28 ± 0.53^a	0.34 ± 0.08^b	3.29 ± 0.82^a	65.62 ± 1.12^a	0.41 ± 0.18^b	2.97 ± 0.83^a
Batch 6	69.90 ± 1.31^a	0.24 ± 0.12^ab	3.02 ± 0.52^a	65.73 ± 0.93^a	0.47 ± 0.24^b	3.07 ± 0.80^a

Batch Steaming	Hardness (gf)	Adhesiveness (gs)	Springiness	Cohesiveness	Gumminess (gf)	Chewiness (gf)
Batch 1	26,771.60 ± 1,117.61^a	-3.04 ± 2.08^a	0.85 ± 0.01^a	0.83 ± 0.04^a	22,824.72 ± 972.85^a	14,193.01 ± 406.43^a
Batch 2	27,903.29 ± 2,347.60^a	-3.59 ± 2.19^a	0.82 ± 0.01^a	0.83 ± 0.02^a	25,281.81 ± 476.94^c	18,304.92 ± 938.74^ab
Batch 3	25,208.55 ± 3,.401.26^a	-7.02 ± 5.03^a	0.81 ± 0.04^a	0.82 ± 0.03^a	19,739.95 ± 1,980.99^b	15,694.15 ± 2,103.03^a
Batch 4	26,658.55 ± 549.46^a	-7.90 ± 3.49^ab	0.76 ± 0.03^b	0.82 ± 0.03^a	19,817.41 ± 2,642.47^b	14,613.40 ± 2,368^a
Batch 5	26,916.38 ± 675.41^a	-9.62 ± 7.34^ab	0.82 ± 0.04^a	0.83 ± 0.03^a	19,311.08 ± 915.14^b	18,629.44 ± 2,259.65^a
Batch 6	28,092.45 ± 2,355.74^a	-14.77 ± 8.21^b	0.85 ± 0.04^a	0.85 ± 0.04^a	22,536.40 ± 731.54^a	20,527.02 ± 2,156.6^b

Batch Steaming	Hardness (gf)	Adhesiveness (gs)	Springiness	Cohesiveness	Gumminess (gf)	Chewiness (gf)
Batch 1	26,182.89 ± 1.673.88^a	-6.88 ± 2.65^a	0.75 ± 0.06^a	0.88 ± 0.01^a	22,365.12 ± 1.830.29^a	16,561.95 ± 1.832.57^a
Batch 2	28,879.74 ± 758.06^ab	-14.04 ± 3.64^b	0.78 ± 0.06^ab	0.91 ± 0.08^bc	26,124.62 ± 1.170.85^a	21,045.13 ± 1.999.49^bc
Batch 3	33,374.045 ± 688.15^c	-15.26 ± 5.65^b	0.91 ± 0.03^d	0.91 ± 0.01^bc	25,038.4667 ± 2.494.57^a	23,800.77 ± 1.731.44^c
Batch 4	30,637.17 ± 2.700.014^bc	-13.56 ± 5.21^b	0.84 ± 0.02^bc	0.92 ± 0.01^c	24,101.12 ± 2.981.19^a	23,426.95 ± 2.395.97^bc
Batch 5	28,348.36 ± 3.766.17^ab	-13.48 ± 6.04^b	0.87 ± 0.02^cd	0.90 ± 0.01^b	26,025.79 ± 4.172.96^a	20,316.76 ± 3.313.34^b
Batch 6	30,083.17 ± 3.387.59^bc	-15.02 ± 2.53^b	0.88 ± 0.02^cd	0.92 ± 0.02^bc	25,972.35 ± 2.528.95^a	22,534.14 ± 1.844.15^bc

Paramaters	Extruders	Mean	Std. Devition	Sign (0.05%)
Elongation	Extruder A	134.63	40.65	*
Elongation	Extruder B	157.91	39.67	*
Hardness (gf)	Extruder A	26.925.14	2.355.74	*
Hardness (gf)	Extruder B	29.584.23	3.245.37	*
Adhesiveness (gs)	Extruder A	-7.66	6.41	ns
Adhesiveness (gs)	Extruder B	-13.04	5.16	ns
Springiness	Extruder A	0.82	0.04	ns
Springiness	Extruder B	0.84	0.07	ns
Cohesiveness	Extruder A	0.83	0.03	*
Cohesiveness	Extruder B	0.91	0.02	*
Gumminess (gf)	Extruder A	21.585.23	2.598.61	*
Gumminess (gf)	Extruder B	24.937.91	2.907.52	*
Chewiness (gf)	Extruder A	16.993.66	2.931.19	*
Chewiness (gf)	Extruder B	21.280.95	3.267.35	*
L	Extruder A	70.63	1.02	ns
L	Extruder B	65.56	0.95	ns
a	Extruder A	0.24	0.13	*
a	Extruder B	0.37	0.29	*
b	Extruder A	3.29	0.81	^* * Significantly different; ns = not significantly different (Z-test < 0.05).
b	Extruder B	2.74	0.77

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[1] *Corresponding author: rima.kumalasari@gmail.com; rima_kumalasari@yahoo.com