Insights into sub-chronic toxicity effects of enzymatic hydrolysate of peony seed meal derived Maillard reaction products in SD rats

LOU, Peng-Xiang; ZHANG, Wang-Wei; CAO, Heng; THAKUR, Kiran; SHANG, Ya-Fang; ZHANG, Jian-Guo; WEI, Zhao-Jun

doi:10.1590/fst.99622

Peng-Xiang LOU

School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China

Wang-Wei ZHANG

School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China

Heng CAO

School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China

Kiran THAKUR

School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China

School of Biological Science and Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China

Ya-Fang SHANG

School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China

School of Biological Science and Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China

Jian-Guo ZHANG

School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China

School of Biological Science and Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China

Zhao-Jun WEI ^**Corresponding author: zjwei@hfut.edu.cn

School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China

School of Biological Science and Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1729-209X

*Corresponding author: zjwei@hfut.edu.cn

Conflict of interest

There is no declaim.

Hematological parameters	Male							Female
Hematological parameters	CG		LDG		MDG		HDG	CG		LDG		MDG	HDG
White blood cells (10⁹/L)	6.24 ± 1.19^a		5.72 ± 1.35^a		6.14 ± 1.11^a		6.46 ± 1.44^a	6.68 ± 1.15^a		5.94 ± 1.44^a		6.36 ± 1.31^a	5.68 ± 1.29^a
Lymphocytes (10⁹/L)	4.02 ± 1.52a		3.92 ± 1.47^a		4.28 ± 1.41^a		4.42 ± 1.49^a	4.62 ± 1.06^a		4.14 ± 1.29^a		4.32 ± 1.43^a	3.94 ± 1.19^a
Monocytes (10⁹/L)	0.48 ± 0.08^a		0.42 ± 0.15^a		0.44 ± 0.21^a		0.36 ± 0.15^a	0.44 ± 0.13^a		0.38 ± 0.19^a		0.48 ± 0.19^a	0.42 ± 0.18^a
Neutrophils (10⁹/L)	1.74 ± 0.53^a		1.38 ± 0.59^a		1.42 ± 0.39^a		1.68 ± 0.51^a	1.62 ± 0.39^a		1.41 ± 0.58^a		1.56 ± 0.38^a	1.34 ± 0.44^a
Red blood cells (10¹²/L)	8.36 ± 0.20^a		8.40 ± 0.51^a		7.70 ± 0.58^ab		7.41 ± 0.82^b	7.48 ± 0.68^a		7.21 ± 0.72^ab		7.08 ± 0.53^ab	6.56 ± 0.37^b
Hemoglobin (g/L)	138.5 ± 10.7^a		139.6 ± 11.1^a		131.6 ± 14.2^a		127.5 ± 16.1^a	131.8 ± 12.1^a		125.4 ± 14.9^a		122.6 ± 11.1a	117.6 ± 5.0^a
Hematocrit (%)	44.6 ± 3.2^a		44.7 ± 3.5^a		42.5 ± 4.1^a		41.5 ± 5.1^a	42.6 ± 3.6^a		40.6 ± 3.4^a		40.4 ± 3.4^a	38.4 ± 2.1^a
Mean corpuscular volume (fl)	53.4 ± 2.8^a		53.3 ± 1.9^a		55.2 ± 1.6^a		55.9 ± 1.3^a	57.1 ± 1.8^a		56.4 ± 1.6^a		57.1 ± 0.6^a	58.6 ± 1.8^a
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (pg)	16.5 ± 1.0^a		16.6 ± 0.7^a		17.0 ± 0.7^a		17.2 ± 0.8^a	17.6 ± 0.4^a		17.3 ± 0.9^a		17.2 ± 0.3^a	17.9 ± 0.6^a
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (g/L)	309.8 ± 6.4^a		311.6 ± 3.8^a		308.8 ± 7.0^a		307.0 ± 8.0^a	308.8 ± 4.5^a		308.0 ± 15.0^a		303.2 ± 3.6^a	306.2 ± 5.9^a
Red cell distribution width (%)	14.6 ± 0.9^a		14.1 ± 0.6^a		14.0 ± 0.8^a		13.7 ± 1.6^a	13.0 ± 0.8^a		13.2 ± 0.8^a		12.1 ± 0.9^a	12.0 ± 1.4^a
Platelets (109/L)	742 ± 169^a		727 ± 168^a		773 ± 147^a		806 ± 193^a	714 ± 153^a		761 ± 142^a		816 ± 146^a	791 ± 157^a
Hematological parameters	Male							Female
Hematological parameters	CG	LDG		MDG		HDG		CG	LDG		MDG		HDG
Mean platelet volume (fl)	5.08 ± 0.60^a	5.24 ± 0.76^a		5.42 ± 0.53^a		5.28 ± 0.67^a		5.38 ± 0.69^a	5.52 ± 0.46^a		5.24 ± 0.59^a		5.44 ± 0.77^a
Platelet distribution width (%)	16.9 ± 0.2^a	16.8 ± 0.2^a		16.8 ± 0.3^a		17.0 ± 0.2^a		17.1 ± 0.5^a	17.4 ± 0.6^a		17.2 ± 0.4^a		17.2 ± 0.6^a
	0.373 ± 0.070^a	0.387 ± 0.125^a		0.423 ± 0.110^a		0.431 ± 0.141^a		0.389 ± 0.112^a	0.417 ± 0.064^a		0.431 ± 0.122^a		0.423 ± 0.068^a
Serum biochemistry parameters
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)	55.78 ± 7.53^a	52.14 ± 8.19^a		59.46 ± 10.41^a		64.34 ± 10.56^a		51.81 ± 8.86^a	50.51 ± 10.24^a		49.18 ± 8.02^a		54.55 ± 12.16^a
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)	129.32 ± 12.31^a	124.15 ± 12.42^a		127.45 ± 9.43^a		132.06 ± 12.01^a		135.92 ± 13.88^a	133.27 ± 12.76^a		130.74 ± 14.94^a		128.14 ± 10.69^a
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)	19.65 ± 2.65^a	19.09 ± 2.92^a		20.48 ± 3.16^a		21.32 ± 3.79^a		21.86 ± 3.05^a	20.54 ± 3.11^a		22.72 ± 3.86^a		21.43 ± 3.17^a
Total protein (g/L)	76.67 ± 3.91^a	76.28 ± 4.21^a		73.62 ± 4.04^a		74.12 ± 3.83^a		83.96 ± 6.43^a	80.74 ± 5.86^a		79.29 ± 3.11^a		84.58 ± 4.25^a
Creatinine (μmol/L)	32.52 ± 5.63^a	31.68 ± 4.18^a		34.61 ± 6.52^a		36.48 ± 8.35^a		29.83 ± 4.01^a	30.88 ± 2.78^a		35.46 ± 6.36^a		33.76 ± 5.63^a
Glucose (mmol/L)	5.69 ± 0.46^a	5.81 ± 0.54^a		5.73 ± 0.61^a		5.62 ± 0.41^a		5.47 ± 0.53^a	5.41 ± 0.49^a		5.56 ± 0.42^a		5.35 ± 0.47^a
Albumin (g/L)	34.22 ± 3.29^a	35.34 ± 3.58^a		34.68 ± 3.02^a		35.92 ± 3.71^a		37.03 ± 3.69^a	36.17 ± 2.75^a		37.46 ± 2.96^a		35.62 ± 3.18^a
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.17 ± 0.34^a	2.04 ± 0.29^a		1.96 ± 0.20^a		2.29 ± 0.37^a		1.98 ± 0.24^a	2.13 ± 0.34^a		2.35 ± 0.41^a		2.18 ± 0.26^a
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	0.74 ± 0.16^a	0.69 ± 0.11^a		0.61 ± 0.13^a		0.72 ± 0.14^a		0.68 ± 0.12^a	0.63 ± 0.11^a		0.71 ± 0.15^a		0.59 ± 0.09^a
Cl (mmol/L)	106.24 ± 4.95^a	108.48 ± 5.81^a		110.51 ± 7.42^a		107.72 ± 6.39^a		103.83 ± 4.56^a	107.19 ± 6.07^a		105.67 ± 5.18^a		110.75 ± 8.23^a
K (mmol/L)	6.45 ± 0.74^a	5.92 ± 0.57^a		6.91 ± 0.83^a		5.67 ± 0.62^a		5.83 ± 0.49^a	6.24 ± 0.64^a		6.05 ± 0.62^a		6.12 ± 0.51^a
Na (mmol/L)	143.42 ± 6.04^a	147.51 ± 7.38^a		141.38 ± 5.86^a		145.64 ± 5.29^a		140.85 ± 5.85^a	145.61 ± 6.07^a		142.96 ± 6.23^a		148.57 ± 7.64^a

Parameters	CG	LDG	MDG	HDG
Male	CG	LDG	MDG	HDG
Body weight (g)	555.76 ± 69.86^a	511.96 ± 25.13^a	519.24 ± 32.14^a	507.74 ± 62.41^a
Absolute organ weight (g)
Liver	13.80 ± 1.41^a	12.83 ± 0.78^a	13.99 ± 1.30^a	13.06 ± 1.39^a
Kidney	3.44 ± 0.49^a	3.12 ± 0.18^a	3.06 ± 0.17^a	3.29 ± 0.34^a
Spleen	1.27 ± 0.10^a	1.33 ± 0.18^a	1.26 ± 0.27^a	1.03 ± 0.23^a
Testis	3.51 ± 0.13^a	3.42 ± 0.13^a	3.41 ± 0.20^a	3.29 ± 0.33^a
Relative organ weight (%)
Liver	2.43 ± 0.10^c	2.51 ± 0.04^cb	2.69 ± 0.10^a	2.61 ± 0.08^ab
Kidney	0.60 ± 0.02^ab	0.61 ± 0.06^ab	0.59 ± 0.04^b	0.66 ± 0.03^a
Spleen	0.22 ± 0.01^a	0.26 ± 0.02^a	0.24 ± 0.04^a	0.20 ± 0.02^a
Testis	0.62 ± 0.05^a	0.67 ± 0.01^a	0.66 ± 0.00^a	0.66 ± 0.03^a
Female
Body weight (g)	335.34 ± 35.35^a	345.54 ± 29.56a	334.8 ± 41.73^a	341.04 ± 11.00^a
Absolute organ weight (g)
Liver	8.60 ± 0.65^a	8.87 ± 0.77^a	8.59 ± 0.79^a	8.66 ± 0.56^a
Kidney	2.11 ± 0.29^a	2.26 ± 0.24^a	2.06 ± 0.19^a	2.08 ± 0.15^a
Spleen	0.98 ± 0.33^a	0.85 ± 0.09^a	0.80 ± 0.10^a	0.88 ± 0.13^a
Ovary	0.26 ± 0.04^a	0.29 ± 0.03^a	0.27 ± 0.05^a	0.28 ± 0.02^a
Relative organ weight (%)
Liver	2.57 ± 0.12^a	2.57 ± 0.07^a	2.58 ± 0.16^a	2.57 ± 0.08
Kidney	0.63 ± 0.06^a	0.66 ± 0.04^a	0.62 ± 0.08^a	0.62 ± 0.03^a
Spleen	0.29 ± 0.07^a	0.25 ± 0.01^a	0.24 ± 0.03^a	0.26 ± 0.03^a
Ovary	0.078 ± 0.007^a	0.082 ± 0.001^a	0.080 ± 0.005^a	0.083 ± 0.003^a

[1] *Corresponding author: zjwei@hfut.edu.cn

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Insights into sub-chronic toxicity effects of enzymatic hydrolysate of peony seed meal derived Maillard reaction products in SD rats

Abstract