Phenolic compounds profile and antioxidant activity of pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) and black bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) sprouts

Borges-Martínez, Eduardo; Gallardo-Velázquez, Tzayhri; Cardador-Martínez, Anaberta; Moguel-Concha, Deyanira; Osorio-Revilla, Guillermo; Ruiz-Ruiz, Jorge Carlos; Martínez, Cristian Jiménez

doi:10.1590/fst.45920

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol (Campinas) 42 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.45920 copy

Phenolic compounds profile and antioxidant activity of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sprouts

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Abstract

Germination increases total phenolic compounds (TF) concentration and antioxidant activity (AOx). The characterization and quantification of TPC, total flavonoids content (TPC), and AOx of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and peas (Pisum sativum) sprouts, germinated for ten days was performed. Results showed that the highest concentration of TPC for both sprouts was in days 6 and 7 (685.21 and 910.69 mg GAE/100 g dry matter) and TF varied only for beans. AOx of the pea sprouts was 512.64 and 6083.55 mg ET/100 g dry matter to DPPH and ORAC method, respectively, is higher than for bean. Regarding FRAP, bean sprouts showed better values (421.07 mg ET/100 g dry matter) compared to pea; in the CUPRAC analysis, sprouted bean showed better activity than a pea (85.76 and 44.05% inhibition). Germination induced variations in gallic and syringic acids in pea sprouts and of catechin and quercetin in the bean. Germination time and legume type are important factors the biological activity of sprouts.

Keywords:
legumes; germination; phenolic compounds; antioxidant activity; sprouts

Germination day	Total Phenolic mg GAE/100 g d.m		Flavonoids mg CE/100 g d.m.
	Bean	Pea	Bean	Pea
0	402.96 ± 0.69^k	584.32 ± 0.27^k	5.10 ± 0.04^kl	4.53 ± 0.16^kl
1	412.81 ± 0.90^j	609.16 ± 0.39^j	6.41 ± 0.57^jl	5.40 ± 0.57^dl
2	433.30 ± 0.47^il	628.10 ± 0.20ⁱ	7.24 ± 0.88^il	5.27 ± 0.51^fl
3	434.27 ± 0.93^hl	664.85 ± 0.25^h	7.91 ± 0.13^hl	5.47 ± 0.03^cl
4	487.80 ± 0.92^g	697.83 ± 0.50^g	13.49 ± 0.58^gm	5.05 ± 0.47^il
5	530.84 ± 0.46^f	776.56 ± 0.47^f	13.65 ± 0.15^fm	4.94 ± 0.75^jl
6	685.21 ± 0.46^a	815.72 ± 0.38^e	22.05 ± 0.56^dn	5.25 ± 0.02^gl
7	664.15 ± 0.11^b	910.69 ± 0.04^a	21.07 ± 0.03^en	6.02 ± 0.11^al
8	626.41 ± 0.60^em	836.08 ± 0.11^d	22.21 ± 0.37^cn	5.90 ± 0.01^bl
9	629.56 ± 0.03^dmn	844.01 ± 0.13^c	23.30 ± 0.36^bn	5.05 ± 0.51^hl
10	634.07 ± 0.12^cn	850.48 ± 0.03^b	23.89 ± 0.08^an	5.34 ± 1.22^el

Germination (days)	DPPH		ORAC		FRAP		CUPRAC (% inhibition)
Germination (days)	Bean	Pea	Bean	Pea	Bean	Pea	Bean	Pea
0	118.46 ± 0.24^k	205.32 ± 0.16^kl	2813.70 ± 0.542^kln	3362.71 ± 3.98^kl	120.67 ± 0.23^klo	112.14 ± 0.20^clqyz	30.74 ± 0.03^kl	27.60 ± 0.19^emnp
1	134.15 ± 2.42^j	207.72 ± 0.27^jl	2833.28 ± 2.13^jlm	3476.50 ± 2.53^jl	121.63 ± 0.51^jlm	115.615 ± 0.35^almnt	31.39 ± 0.01^jl	22.11 ± 0.30^gorty
2	181.13 ± 1.34ⁱ	254.58 ± 0.93^im	2849.64 ± 4.64^imn	3716.04 ± 5.60^im	123.446 ± 0.44^imo	110.75 ± 0.34^dnuxy	38.31 ± 0.42ⁱ	19.72 ± 0.14^koqvx
3	212.29 ± 2.12^h	257.39 ± 1.41^hm	3203.77 ± 0.31^h	3716.04 ± 2.05^hm	137.518 ± 2.01^h	112.16 ± 0.33^bpqtx	54.69 ± 0.27^hmn	20.39 ± 0.43^jruxz
4	270.33 ± 0.32^gl	305.44 ± 0.72^g	3537.63 ± 1.67^g	4105.49 ± 3.42^g	185.97 ± 4.2^g	108.35 ± 4.59^empuz	54.91 ± 0.26^gmo	25.55 ± 0.15^flmp
5	272.67 ± 5.06^fl	334.30 ± 4.23^f	3806.91 ± 1.73^f	5209.99 ± 1.08^fn	278.58 ± 0.43^f	99.74 ± 0.62^frw	56.44 ± 0.47^fno	30.18 ± 0.70^dn
6	410.48 ± 0.44^amn	390.10 ± 0.08^e	4353.42 ± 9.18^a	5238.84 ± 2.72^en	327.62 ± 0.91^e	95.96 ± 0.20^hrv	64.32 ± 0.36^ep	42.45 ± 0.34^bs
7	402.97 ± 3.77^cmo	512.64 ± 0.28^a	4066.53 ± 2.92^eoqr	6083.54 4.07ª	341.72 ± 0.15^d	98.07 ± 1.32^gvw	64.54 ± 0.41^dp	44.05 ± 0.39^as
8	385.06 ± 3.85^ep	414.59 ± 3.65^cno	4095.66 ± 6.84^cops	5447.20 ± 1.65^do	406.61 ± 0.35^c	83.65 ± 0.48^ios	75.06 ± 0.37^c	35.62 ± 0.31^c
9	391.11 ± 1.45^dp	414.77 ± 6.10^bnp	4073.69 ± 5.47^dpqt		415.41 ± 0.36^b	79.11 ± 0.21^koñ	81.39 ± 0.25^b	20.81 ± 0.37^itvwz
10	406.25 ± 10.06^bno	412.74 ± 10.12^dop	4141.62 ± 7.35^brst		421.07 ± 3.35^a	80.11 ± 0.38^jsñ	85.76 ± 0.14^a	21.52 ± 0.52^hlquwy

Germination (Days)	Gallic acid	Catechin	Vanillin	Syringic acid Bean		T-3- hydroxy cinnamic acid	Quercetin
0	6.89 ± 0.60^kl	38.50 ± 0.21^k	ND	12.73 ± 0.58^kl	6.14 ± 0.16^kl	ND	12.51 ± 0.02^gl
1	7.35 ± 1.55^il	51.73 ± 0.08^j	ND	12.84 ± 0.21^jl	9.12 ± 0.06^hm	ND	12.37 ± 0.24^hl
2	7.38 ± 0.58^hl	60.11 ± 1.09ⁱ	ND	12.85 ± 0.07^hl	9.06 ± 0.54^im	ND	12.34 ± 0.04^jl
3	7.30 ± 1.6^jl	66.83 ± 0.26^h	ND	12.84 ± 1.53^il	9.46 ± 0.40^gm	ND	12.33 ± 0.06^kl
4	10.84 ± 0.57^gm	122.58 ± 0.63^el	ND	12.98 ± 0.18^gl	9.72 ± 1.03^fm	ND	12.35 ± 0.23^il
5	12.07 ± 1.18^em	123.86 ± 0.55^dl	23.42 ± 0.11^fm	13.17 ± 0.55^fl	8.96 ± 0.08^jm	6.47 ± 0.16^fh	12.71 ± 0.65^fl
6	18.51 ± 0.62^co	201.93 ± 0.15^b	24.68 ± 0.04^em	13.38 ± 0.71^bl	10.98 ± 1.58^dm	9.14 ± 0.54^c	18.64 ± 1.22^em
7	18.53 ± 0.05^bo	154.51 ± 0.59^c	4.55 ± 0.07^bo	13.37 ± 0.73^cl	10.72 ± 0.08^em	8.47 ± 0.64^egh	20.19 ± 0.47^dmn
8	12.45 ± 0.54^dm	71.49 ± 0.54^g	3.03 ± 0.58^co	13.25 ± 0.22^el	14.65 ± 0.68^cn	8.87 ± 1.02^dgh	20.73 ± 0.24^cmn
9	11.93 ± 0.05^fm	118.58 ± 0.24^f	0.88 ± 0.27^dl	13.93 ± 0.17^al	15.80 ± 1.52^bn	9.90 ± 0.55^bg	20.90 ± 0.5^bmn
10	19.57 ± 1.05^ao	211.51 ± 0.53^a	38.85 ± 0.33^a	13.29 ± 0.55^dl	18.80 ± 0.51^a	10.72 ± 1.08^ag	21.56 ± 0.39^an
Pea
0	35.46 ± 0.57^jl	32.45 ± 0.58^kl	ND	13.35 ± 0.03^jlm	ND	ND	12.92 ± 0.26^hlm
1	35.24 ± 0.38^kl	41.55 ± 0.61^bm	ND	13.65 ± 0.53^ilm	ND	ND	12.43 ± 0.81^him
2	35.75 ± 0.08^il	41.04 ± 0.54^cm	ND	12.75 ± 0.16^kl	ND	ND	11.64 ± 0.65^kl
3	36.38 ± 0.61^hl	42.48 ± 1.21^am	ND	14.78 ± 0.72^gl	ND	ND	12.27 ± 1.05^jlm
4	36.41 ± 0.55^gl	37.01 ± 0.51^go	ND	14.87 ± 0.59^fl	ND	ND	13.58 ± 0.22^flmnp
5	43.36 ± 1.16^em	35.90 ± 0.05^hlo	ND	14.52 ± 0.57^hl	10.17 ± 0.18^fg	ND	13.48 ± 0.70^glmnp
6	42.42 ± 1.02^fm	35.69 ± 0.16^ilo	8.02 ± 0.69^ef	15.27 ± 0.22^em	10.50 ± 1.10^eg	ND	16.84 ± 0.63^cnp
7	50.75 ± 0.58^an	37.65 ± 0.47^fo	10.84 ± 1.16^bfg	18.95 ± 0.69^an	10.78 ± 0.65^dg	ND	22.56 ± 0.57^ao
8	44.43 ± 0.02^cm	38.08 ± 0.57^eo	10.19 ± 0.58^dfg	18.79 ± 1.06^cn	11.19 ± 0.13^cg	ND	20.63 ± 1.23^bo
9	43.88 ± 0.30^dm	34.87 ± 0.70^jl	10.43 ± 0.75^cfg	18.70 ± 1.04^dn	11.19 ± 0.70^bg	ND	15.65 ± 1.04^dp
10	47.26 ± 1.76^bn	38.54 ± 0.35^do	11.95 ± 1.73^ag	18.81 ± 2.05^bn	13.21 ± 0.93^ag	ND	14.91 ± 1.02^emnp

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[1] *Corresponding author: crisjm_99@yahoo.com, cjimenezh@ipn.mx