Potential health effects of tomato (<i>lycopersicon esculentum</i>) juice and hypoglycemic amelioration in the atherogenic indices between diabetic animal models

KHALIL, Nazeha; ALFARIS, Nora Abdullah; ALTAMIMI, Jozaa Zaidan

doi:10.1590/fst.88222

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Food Science and Technology

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol 42 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.88222 copy

Potential health effects of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) juice and hypoglycemic amelioration in the atherogenic indices between diabetic animal models

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed firstly to evaluate the antioxidants levels (Lycopene & Beta-carotene) within fresh tomato juice (FTJ) and its health effects on atherogenic indices in association to lipid profiles and kidney functions between diabetic animal models. Rats (thirty-two; 180 ± 5 g) were randomly divided to groups; control negative (G1; non-diabetic), control positive (G2; fed standard basil diet), and three diabetic groups induced by single dose of streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg body weight). Groups of diabetic G3 & G4 (given FTJ by gavages at 2 and 4 mL/day respectively). Glucose, lipid profile (Cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL.c, HDL.c and VLDL.c), kidney functions with atherogenic indices; the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH.Px), glutathione reduced (GSH.Rd) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated. Results expressed data indicated that fresh tomato juice antioxidant activities presented at 72.83 ± 2.62 while Lycopene and β-carotene levels were 10.37 ± 1.36 and 3.91 ± 0.22 mg/100 mL respectively. Also, FTJ administration at 4 mL/day was the best effective dose; glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL.c. However, an elevation in the HDL.c, GSH.Px, GSH.Rd, and SOD were seen compared to G2. In conclusion, fresh tomato juice had hypoglycemic and positive atherogenic indices/effects that enhanced the model lipid profile to nearly the normal levels between diabetic rats especially at 4 mL/day.

Keywords:
lycopene; lipid profile; streptozotocin; glutathione peroxidase; superoxide dismutase

Parameters	Fresh used tomatoes juice
Lycopene (mg/100 mL)	10.37 ± 1.36
β-carotene (mg/100 mL)	3.91 ± 0.22
Antioxidant activity %	72.83 ± 2.62

Groups	Glucose levels (mg/dL)
Groups	0 h	14^th Day	28^th Day	42^nd Day	Differences (42-0 days)
G1; negative non-diabetic control	99^Ab ± 2.58	98.75^Ad ± 1.71	97^Ad ± 2.58	95.25^Ad ± 2.63	-3.75
G2; positive diabetic control	233.5^Aa ± 4.51	233.25^Aa ± 4.99	235.25^{A a}± 6.85	238.5^Aa ± 3.87	5
G3; diabetic fed 2% FTJ	234.25^Aa ± 7.5	208^Bb ± 5.72	176.25^Cb ± 2.99	164.75^Db ± 2.5	-69.5
G4; diabetic fed 4% FTJ	232.25^Aa ± 4.86	190^Bc ± 2.16	152.75^Cc ± 12.69	123.75^Dc ± 2.84	108.5-

Parameters (mg/dL)	G1; negative non-diabetic control	Diabetic rat groups
Parameters (mg/dL)	G1; negative non-diabetic control	G2; control	G3; fed 2% FTJ	G4; fed 4% FTJ	Differences of 4% FTJ from G2
Cholesterol	129.38^c ± 1.39	190.47^b ± 3.12	223.03^a ± 1.73	125.53^c ± 3.19	-64.94
Triglyceride	123.13^b ± 2.59	138.91^a ± 2.26	142.35^a ± 2.77	109.77^c ± 2.16	-29.14
HDL.c	58.7^b ±1.51	51.03^c ± 1.96	46.33^d ± 0.87	63.89^a ± 2.63	12.86
VLDL.c	24.63^b ± 0.52	27.78^a ± 0.45	28.47^a ± 0.56	21.95^c ± 0.43	-5.83
LDL.c	46.05^c ± 2.57	111.68^b ± 2.77	142.73^a ± 1.1	39.7^d ± 4.62	-71.98

Parameters (mg/dL)	G1; negative non-diabetic control	Diabetic rat groups
Parameters (mg/dL)	G1; negative non-diabetic control	G2; control	G3; fed 2% FTJ	G4; fed 4% FTJ	Differences of 4% FTJ from G2
AIP	1.27^c ± 0.11	2.73^b ± 0.13	3.69^a ± 0.08	0.96^d ± 0.1	-1.77
CRR	2.21^c ± 0.08	3.74^b ± 0.13	4.81^a ± 0.09	1.97^d ± 0.1	-1.77
CRI	0.85^c ± 0.09	2.19^b ± 0.11	3.08^a ± 0.06	0.62^d ± 0.09	-1.57
AF	70.67^c ± 2.62	138.24^b ± 4.34	176.7^a ± 1.6	61.65^d ± 4.39	-76.59
AC	1.21^c ± 0.08	2.73^b ± 0.13	3.81^a ± 0.08	0.97^d ± 0.1	1.76

Parameters (mg/dL)	G1; negative non-diabetic control	Diabetic rat groups
Parameters (mg/dL)	G1; negative non-diabetic control	G2; control	G3; on 2% FTJ	G4; on 4% FTJ	Differences of 4% FTJ from G2
Urea	34.1^c ± 2.57	45.6^b ± 3.08	56.52^a ± 2.76	26.05^d ± 0.91	-19.55
Creatinine	0.83^b ± 0.05	1.31^a ± 0.04	1.36^a ± 0.02	0.54^c ± 0.03	-0.77
Uric acid	2.12^b ± 0.13	2.52^a ± 0.14	2.61^a ± 0.36	1.88^c ± 0.29	-0.64

Parameters	G1; negative non-diabetic control	Diabetic rat groups
Parameters	G1; negative non-diabetic control	G2; control	G3; on 2% FTJ	G4; on 4% FTJ	Differences of 4% FTJ from G2
MDA (nmol/mL)	20.64^c ± 1.58	27.12^b ± 1.04	32.64^a ± 2.61	18.06^c ± 0.91	-9.06
GSH.Px (nmol/mL)	20.29^b ± 1.05	15.42^c ± 0.44	14.02^c ± 0.98	23.93^a ± 1.02	8.51
GSH.Rd (mg/dL)	10.31^b ± 0.49	8.26^c ± 0.58	6.29^d ± 0.51	12.42^a ± 0.51	4.16
SOD (U/g Hb)	39.66^b ± 1.14	30.89^c ± 1.01	26.23^d ± 0.69	44.78^a ± 1.001	13.89

Parameters	G1; negative non-diabetic control	Diabetic rat groups
weight (g)	G1; negative non-diabetic control	G2; control	G3; on 2% FTJ	G4; on 4% FTJ	Differences of 4% FTJ from G2
Initial	183.5^a ± 1.29	183^a ± 0.82	182.5^a ± 0.58	183.75^a ± 0.96	0.75
Final	194.25^b ± 0.96	189.25^c ± 0.96	172.75^d ± 0.96	203.5^a ± 1.29	14.25
Relative change %	5.86^b ± 0.55	3.42^c ± 0.28	-5.65^d ± 0.58	10.75^a ± 0.53	7.33

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[1] *Corresponding author: jzAltamimi@pnu.edu.sa