Hydroxysafflor yellow A from safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i> L.) prevents cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

WANG, Yunfeng; DU, Yuanmin; LI, Jin; XU, Kang

doi:10.1590/fst.21221

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Food Science and Technology

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol (Campinas) 42 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.21221 copy

Hydroxysafflor yellow A from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) prevents cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

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Abstract

In this study we extracted hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) from safflower and investigate its preventive effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats. HSYA with 89.78% purity was extracted from safflower. Ninety rats were divided into sham-operated, model, low-dose HSYA, high-dose HSYA and nimodipine groups. The CIRI model was established in latter three groups. After 30 min from ischemia beginning, the low-dose and high-dose HSYA groups were treated with 2 and 4 mg/kg HSYA via tail-vein injection, respectively. The nimodipine group was treated with 2 mg/kg nimodipine. Results showed that, at 24 h after ischemia, compared with model group, in high-dose HSYA and nimodipine groups the neurological symptom score was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the brain water content was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the brain infarction area percentage was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the serum IL-6 and IL-1β levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the brain tissue phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB) p65 protein expression levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, HSYA can inhibit the p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway and reduce the inflammatory response, thus exerting the preventive effect on CIRI in rats.

Keywords:
hydroxysafflor yellow A; cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury; rats; p38 MAPK; NF-κB

Group	Neurological symptom score (points)
Group	3 h	6 h	12 h	24 h
Sham-operated	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00
Model	2.83 ± 0.23^#	3.51 ± 0.48^# # P < 0.05 compared with sham-operated group;	3.97 ± 0.63^#	4.32 ± 0.81^#
Low-dose HSYA	2.80 ± 0.47^#	3.12 ± 0.31^#$	3.56 ± 0.52^#	3.47 ± 0.77^#$
High-dose HSYA	2.59 ± 0.42^#$	2.75 ± 0.69^#$%	3.27 ± 0.49^#$	2.82 ± 0.59^#$%
Nimodipine	2.53 ± 0.36^#$%	2.61 ± 0.47^#$%	2.88 ± 0.58^#$%^	2.62 ± 0.43^#$%

Group	IL-6 (pg/mL)	IL-1β (pg/mL)
Sham-operated	25.38 ± 3.56	7.34 ± 1.52
Model	55.76 ± 7.27^# # P < 0.05 compared with sham-operated group;	16.10 ± 2.39^#
Low-dose HSYA	50.29 ± 8.20^#$	13.67 ± 1.80^#$
High-dose HSYA	36.15 ± 4.19^#$%	10.09 ± 0.78^#$%
Nimodipine	33.26 ± 5.84^#$%	12.86 ± 1.14^#$^

Group	p-p38 MAPK/GAPDH	p-NF-κB p65/GAPDH
Sham-operated	0.34 ± 0.06	0.45 ± 0.07
Model	0.88 ± 0.11^#	1.45 ± 0.12^# # P < 0.05 compared with sham-operated group;
Low-dose HSYA	0.74 ± 0.09^#$	1.23 ± 0.17^#$
High-dose HSYA	0.52 ± 0.05^#$%	0.82 ± 0.07^#$%
Nimodipine	0.46 ± 0.06^#$%	0.66 ± 0.05^#$%^

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[1] *Corresponding author: kangxuwh@163.com