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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol 43 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.110321 copy

Functional potential of Aloe vera juice against CCl₄ induced hepatotoxicity in animal model

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate functional potential of Aloe vera juice against (CCl₄ induced) hepatotoxicity using animal model. Biochemical analyses including liver, renal enzymes, bone biomarkers and lipid profile were conducted after 4 weeks of oral Aloe vera juice administration. Liver enzymes, AST, ALP and total bilirubin were reduced up to 15-7%, 60-32.52% and 29-48%, respectively in Aloe vera juice treated rats i.e., 10 mL/kg and 20 mL/kg doses. Reduction in serum cholesterol (8%), LDL (12%) and triglycerides (15%) were observed. Urea was significantly reduced up to 11% which further reduced up to 30% at higher dose. Increased content of serum proteins (23-50%) and albumin (40-116%) were found at the different doses. Vitamin D was found maximum in G₄ i.e., 38.63 mg/dL as compared to lowest i.e., 5.12 mg/dL in G₂, similarly improvement in calcium i.e., 11-22% was observed in G₃ and G₄. The serum oxidative stress markers indicated raised superoxide dismutase (9%), glutathione (15%), catalase (9%) and reduced lipid peroxidation 78% at higher concentration of Aloe vera juice consumption. In addition, histological evaluation also depicted positive impact on hepatic and renal portfolio in all treated rats. All of the findings enlighten the potential of Aloe vera juice as a functional beverage.

Keywords:
Aloe juice; functional beverage; hepatotoxicity; oxidative stress

Treatments	Aspartate Aminotransferase IU/L	Alkaline Phosphatase IU/	Total Bilirubin mg/dL	Direct Bilirubin mg/dL	Indirect Bilirubin mg/dL
G₁	20.4 ± 4.04 ^d	277 ± 6.12 ^d	0.84 ± 0.11 ^c	0.23 ± 0.02 ^a	0.61 ± 0.1 ^c
G₂	732.5 ± 86.05 ^a	774.5 ± 114.61 ^a	1.98 ± 0.3 ^a	0.14 ± 0.05 ^b	1.84 ± 0.31 ^a
G₃	616.83 ± 58.13 ^b	529.33 ± 24.06 ^b	1.4 ± 0.21 ^b	0.21 ± 0.01 ^a	1.19 ± 0.21 ^b
G₄	291.5 ± 51.37 ^c	371 ± 37.48 ^c	1.02 ± 0.12 ^c	0.24 ± 0.02 ^a	0.77 ± 0.1 ^c
p-Value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

Treatments	Cholesterol mg/dL	HDL mg/dL	LDL mg/dL	Triglycerides mg/dL	VLDL mg/dL
G₁	169.2 ± 6.72 b	42.3 ± 1.68 a	76.84 ± 4.29 b	237 ± 10.65 a	47.4 ± 2.13 a
G₂	182.66 ± 6.28 a	36.71 ± 3.21 b	84.83 ± 4.44 a	245.5 ± 10.89 a	50.97 ± 3.73 a
G₃	168.17 ± 9.41 b	42.04 ± 2.35 a	74.29 ± 7.17 b	209.17 ± 20.07 b	41.83 ± 4.01 b
G₄	168.67 ± 6.15 b	42.17 ± 1.54 a	79.2 ± 5.27 ab	210.33 ± 6.65 b	42.75 ± 2.48 b
p-Value	0.007	0.001	0.023	0.000	0.000

Treatments	Urea (mg/dL)	Creatinine (mg/dL)	Uric Acid (mg/dL)	Total Protein (g/dL)	Albumin (g/dL)
G₁	25.6 ± 2.97 ^d	0.72 ± 0.19 ^d	4.66 ± 1.54 ^b	8.02 ± 0.26 ^a	5.26 ± 0.23 ^a
G₂	73 ± 5.48 ^a	2.58 ± 0.29 ^a	10.32 ± 0.64 ^a	4.3 ± 0.47 ^d	1.87 ± 0.33 ^d
G₃	64.67 ± 7.17 ^b	2.03 ± 0.27 ^b	5.92 ± 1.91 ^b	5.27 ± 0.4 ^c	2.63 ± 0.25 ^c
G₄	51.5 ± 3.62 ^c	1.18 ± 0.28 ^c	5.95 ± 0.6 ^b	6.45 ± 0.54 ^b	4.03 ± 0.62 ^b
p-Value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

Treatments	Vitamin D IU/L	Calcium mg/Dl	Phosphorus mg/dL
G₁	35.2 ± 3.27 ^a	10.42 ± 0.66 ^a	4.2 ± 0.77 ^c
G₂	5.12 ± 1.88 ^c	7.48 ± 0.6 ^d	7.18 ± 0.48 ^a
G₃	24.02 ± 3.35 ^b	8.32 ± 0.31 ^c	5.55 ± 0.61 ^b
G₄	38.63 ± 4.09 ^a	9.12 ± 0.51 ^b	4.78 ± 0.21 ^c
p-Value	0.000	0.000	0.000

Serum
Treatments	Malondialdehyde nmol/mL	Superoxide Dismutase µg/mL	Glutathione µg/mL	Catalase U/mL
G₁	11.16 ± 1.87 ^b	2.91 ± 0.81 ^a	6.19 ± 0.32 ^a	119.26 ± 2.32 ^b
G₂	28.58 ± 6.84 ^a	1.77 ± 0.25 ^b	5.50 ± 0.20 ^b	114.16 ± 6.11 ^b
G₃	6.61 ± 1.48 ^bc	1.99 ± 0.25 ^b	6.11 ± 0.15 ^a	117.73 ± 1.71 ^b
G₄	6.06 ± 0.44 ^c	1.94 ± 0.21 ^b	6.35 ± 0.2 ^a	124.76 ± 5.19 ^a
p-Value	0.00	0.002	0.00	0.004
Liver
G₁	12.09 ± 0.39 ^c	1.85 ± 0.26 ^ab	6.22 ± 0.68 ^a	101.41 ± 16.49 ^a
G₂	27.7 ^a ± 0.53 ^a	1.57 ± 0.29 ^b	4.54 ± 0.06 ^b	39.92 ± 0.04 ^b
G₃	23.48 ± 1.41 ^b	2.08 ± 0.19 ^a	4.76 ± 0.06 ^b	48.08 ± 0.07 ^b
G₄	9.7 ± 0.38 ^d	2.11 ± 0.12 ^a	4.83 ± 0.01 ^b	106.73 ± 8.14 ^a
p-Value	0.00	0.064	0.001	0.00
Heart
G₁	12.03 ± 0.77 ^ab	1.68 ± 0.12 ^a	5.49 ± 0.68 ^a	108.38 ± 4.78 ^b
G₂	11.15 ± 0.46 ^b	1.72 ± 0.22 ^a	4.44 ± 0.35 ^b	102.91 ± 2.47 ^b
G₃	12.24 ± 0.45 ^a	1.97 ± 0.61 ^a	4.45 ± 0.14 ^b	109.15 ± 1.31 ^b
G₄	6.55 ± 0.19 ^c	2.04 ± 0.14 ^a	4.41 ± 0.08 ^b	125.84 ± 4.58 ^a
p-Value	0.00	0.511	0.024	0.00
Kidney
G₁	12.55 ± 0.79 ^b	1.74 ± 0.1 ^c	5.67 ± 0.44 ^a	107.87 ± 6.27 ^a
G₂	13.7 ± 0.1 ^a	2.14 ± 0.29 ^b	4.69 ± 0.37 ^a	105.44 ± 14.12 ^a
G₃	8.42 ± 0.89 ^c	2.69 ± 0.21 ^a	4.99 ± 0.8 ^a	113.69 ± 0.87 ^a
G₄	11.7 ± 0.19 ^b	2.13 ± 0.1 ^b	5.06 ± 0.06 ^a	113.75 ± 1.75 ^a
p-Value	0.00	0.002	0.178	0.526

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