Cambios en la prevalencia de inactividad física y comportamiento sedentario durante la pandemia de COVID-19: una encuesta con 39.693 adultos brasileños

Silva, Danilo Rodrigues Pereira da; Werneck, André Oliveira; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Souza Júnior, Paulo Roberto Borges de; Azevedo, Luiz Otávio; Barros, Marilisa Berti de Azevedo; Szwarcwald, Celia Landmann

Danilo Rodrigues Pereira da Silva

Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3995-4795

André Oliveira Werneck

Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9166-4376

Deborah Carvalho Malta

Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-5734

Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Júnior

Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8142-4790

Luiz Otávio Azevedo

Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4876-5948

Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros

Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3974-195X

Celia Landmann Szwarcwald

Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7798-2095

Correspondence
D. R. P. Silva Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Campus Universitário Prof. Aloísio de Campos, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brasil. danilorpsilva@gmail.com

Contributors

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and data analysis were performed by D. R. Silva, A. O. Werneck and C. L. Szwarcwald. The first draft of the manuscript was written by D. R. P. Silva and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript.

Additional informations

ORCID: Danilo Rodrigues Pereira da Silva (0000-0003-3995-4795); André Oliveira Werneck (0000-0002-9166-4376); Deborah Carvalho Malta (0000-0002-8214-5734); Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Júnior (0000-0002-8142-4790); Luiz Otávio Azevedo (0000-0002-4876-5948); Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros (0000-0003-3974-195X); Celia Landmann Szwarcwald (0000-0002-7798-2095).

	Consistently insufficiently active % (95%CI)	Become active % (95%CI)	Become low active % (95%CI)	Consistently active % (95%CI)
Gender
Female	69.0 (67.4-70.4)	3.3 (2.8-3.8)	20.7 (19.4-22.1)	7.1 (6.3-7.9)
Male	63.8 (61.3-66.3)	3.4 (2.6-4.5)	21.8 (19.7-24.0)	11.0 (9.5-12.7)
Age group (years)
18-29	63.7 (60.9-66.3)	4.3 (3.5-5.3)	25.1 (22.7-27.6)	7.0 (5.8-8.4)
30-39	66.3 (62.9-69.5)	3.0 (2.1-4.1)	22.6 (19.9-25.7)	8.0 (6.3-10.2)
40-49	69.8 (66.4-72.9)	2.6 (1.5-4.3)	18.3 (15.9-21.1)	9.3 (7.4-11.1)
50-59	67.0 (63.9-70.0)	3.3 (2.3-4.7)	19.0 (16.7-21.6)	10.7 (8.9-12.3)
60	67.0 (63.2-70.6)	3.2 (2.1-4.9)	19.2 (16.3-22.5)	10.6 (8.4-13.4)
Schooling level
Less than elementary school	76.0 (70.2-80.5)	2.9 (1.4-5.7)	13.2 (9.7-17.6)	8.0 (5.4-11.6)
High school	67.5 (65.6-69.3)	3.3 (2.7-4.0)	20.7 (19.1-22.2)	8.5 (7.5-9.7)
Higher education	56.9 (56.2-57.6)	3.9 (3.6-4.1)	28.2 (27.5-28.8)	11.1 (10.6-11.5)
Skin color
White	65.1 (63.6-66.7)	3.0 (2.6-3.6)	22.2 (21.0-23.6)	9.6 (8.7-10.6)
Black	65.3 (60.3-70.0)	4.3 (2.4-7.6)	20.3 (16.8-24.5)	10.1 (7.5-13.4)
Brown	68.1 (65.5-70.7)	3.5 (2.7-4.5)	20.4 (18.2-22.7)	8.0 (6.6-9.8)
Other	66.3 (59.2-72.8)	3.9 (2.4-6.2)	22.1 (16.8-28.5)	7.6 (5.1-11.3)
Per capita income (minimum wage)
< 1	70.5 (68.3-72.7)	2.7 (2.1-3.6)	18.6 (16.8-20.6)	8.1 (6.8-9.6)
1-2	69.7 (66.9-72.4)	2.9 (2.2-3.9)	19.4 (17.3-21.8)	7.9 (6.3-9.8)
> 2	56.3 (54.0-58.7)	4.8 (3.8-6.0)	27.5 (25.5-29.7)	11.3 (10.1-12.7)
Country region
North	68.1 (61.4-74.2)	3.4 (1.8-6.5)	20.9 (16.1-26.8)	7.5 (4.4-12.6)
Northeast	64.4 (60.6-68.0)	2.8 (1.8-4.3)	23.5 (20.3-27.1)	9.3 (7.2-11.9)
Southeast	65.2 (63.7-66.7)	3.9 (3.3-4.7)	21.1 (19.9-22.4)	9.7 (8.8-10.8)
South	68.7 (65.2-72.1)	3.1 (2.0-4.9)	20.4 (17.7-23.5)	7.7 (5.9-10.0)
Central	76.2 (70.1-81.4)	1.6 (0.9-2.8)	15.7 (11.7-20.8)	6.4 (4.1-10.0)
Working during the pandemic
No	66.2 (64.2-68.2)	3.6 (3.0-4.4)	21.6 (19.9-23.4)	8.6 (7.4-9.9)
Normal routine	69.1 (65.8-72.2)	1.5 (0.9-2.2)	19.8 (17.3-22.6)	9.6 (7.7-11.9)
Home office	65.0 (62.3-67.5)	4.2 (3.2-5.7)	21.6 (19.6-23.8)	9.1 (7.7-10.7)
Adherence to the quarantine (months)
No	67.2 (64.2-70.1)	2.5 (1.7-3.7)	20.1 (17.7-22.8)	10.1 (8.3-12.3)
< 1	69.7 (66.1-73.1)	2.7 (1.7-4.1)	20.6 (17.6-24.0)	7.0 (5.5-8.8)
1-2	65.0 (63.1-66.8)	4.1 (3.3-4.9)	21.9 (20.4-23.4)	9.1 (7.9-10.4)
> 2	64.7 (58.8-70.2)	3.7 (2.3-5.8)	22.6 (17.7-28.3)	9.0 (6.1-13.2)

	Consistently high % (95%CI)	Become low % (95%CI)	Become high % (95%CI)	Consistently low % (95%CI)
Gender
Female	9.2 (8.1-10.4)	1.0 (0.7-2.4)	30.2 (28.7-31.8)	59.6 (57.9-61.3)
Male	10.0 (8.4-11.6)	0.5 (0.2-0.9)	26.0 (23.8-28.3)	63.7 (61.1-66.2)
Age group (years)
18-29	3.9 (3.0-5.2)	0.2 (0.1-0.4)	26.7 (24.3-29.3)	69.1 (66.4-71.7)
30-39	6.8 (5.4-8.5)	0.5 (0.3-1.1)	31.1 (27.9-34.6)	61.5 (58.0-64.9)
40-49	9.5 (7.2-12.3)	0.7 (0.4-1.3)	29.9 (26.7-33.2)	59.9 (56.3-63.5)
50-59	12.8 (10.8-15.2)	1.1 (0.6-1.8)	29.2 (26.3-32.2)	56.9 (53.7-60.2)
60	17.4 (14.5-20.7)	1.4 (0.8-2.8)	24.2 (21.2-27.5)	57.0 (53.1-60.7)
Schooling level
Less than elementary school	14.0 (10.3-19.0)	1.5 (0.8-3.0)	27.2 (22.7-32.1)	57.2 (51.6-62.7)
High school	9.8 (8.8-11.1)	0.7 (0.5-1.1)	28.6 (26.9-30.4)	60.8 (58.9-62.7)
Higher education	5.5 (5.2-5.8)	0.5 (0.4-0.6)	26.7 (26.1-27.4)	67.3 (66.6-67.9)
Skin color
White	8.6 (7.7-9.6)	0.9 (0.6-1.3)	26.8 (25.4-28.2)	63.7 (62.1-65.3)
Black	11.9 (8.8-16.0)	1.1 (0.4-2.9)	30.7 (26.0-35.8)	56.3 (51.0-61.4)
Brown	10.0 (8.4-11.9)	0.6 (0.3-1.0)	29.1 (26.7-31.6)	60.3 (57.5-63.0)
Other	7.6 (4.0-14.2)	0.3 (0.1-2.0)	28.8 (21.6-37.3)	63.2 (54.7-71.0)
Per capita income (minimum wage)
< 1	9.6 (8.3-11.0)	0.9 (0.6-1.3)	28.2 (26.2-30.4)	61.3 (59.0-63.6)
1-2	10.7 (8.5-13.3)	0.3 (0.2-0.7)	28.7 (26.0-31.5)	60.3 (57.0-63.4)
> 2	8.4 (7.1-9.7)	0.9 (0.5-1.6)	27.6 (25.4-29.8)	63.2 (60.8-65.5)
Country region
North	11.2 (6.2-19.2)	1.5 (0.5-4.6)	28.8 (22.8-35.6)	58.5 (51.0-65.7)
Northeast	9.7 (7.7-12.2)	0.5 (0.2-0.9)	31.0 (27.6-34.7)	58.8 (55.0-62.5)
Southeast	9.9 (8.9-10.9)	0.7 (0.5-1.0)	28.9 (27.4-30.4)	60.6 (58.9-62.1)
South	9.3 (7.1-12.1)	0.8 (0.4-1.6)	24.3 (22.1-28.0)	65.0 (61.6-68.4)
Central	5.1 (3.2-7.9)	1.1 (0.2-5.2)	19.5 (14.9-25.3)	74.3 (67.8-80.0)
Working during the pandemic
No	11.1 (9.8-12.6)	0.8 (0.5-1.0)	32.7 (30.7-34.6)	55.5 (53.4-57.6)
Normal routine	9.2 (7.0-11.8)	0.9 (0.4-2.0)	21.2 (18.1-24.6)	68.8 (65.0-72.3)
Home office	6.5 (5.3-8.0)	0.6 (0.3-1.4)	24.5 (22.3-26.8)	68.4 (65.8-70.8)
Adherence to the quarantine (months)
No	8.8 (6.9-11.0)	0.9 (0.4-1.7)	22.8 (20.2-25.6)	67.6 (64.5-70.5)
< 1	9.7 (7.7-12.2)	0.6 (0.3-1.2)	29.2 (25.9-32.9)	60.0 (56.6-64.2)
1-2	9.3 (8.1-10.7)	0.7 (0.5-1.2)	30.4 (28.6-32.3)	59.5 (57.5-61.5)
> 2	13.1 (9.8-17.2)	0.9 (0.4-2.1)	30.3 (25.0-36.1)	55.8 (50.0-61.5)

	Consistently high % (95%CI)	Become low % (95%CI)	Become high % (95%CI)	Consistently low % (95%CI)
Gender
Female	34.7 (33.2-36.3)	4.0 (3.5-4.7)	22.7 (21.4-24.0)	38.5 (36.8-40.2)
Male	47.0 (44.4-49.7)	3.7 (2.9-4.9)	19.2 (17.1-21.5)	30.0 (27.6-32.5)
Age group (years)
18-29	51.2 (48.4-54.1)	2.5 (1.9-3.2)	27.1 (24.4-30.0)	19.2 (17.3-21.2)
30-39	46.7 (43.2-50.2)	2.8 (2.0-4.0)	19.0 (16.6-21.8)	31.5 (28.1-35.0)
40-49	37.7 (34.4-41.1)	4.0 (3.0-5.5)	21.3 (18.3-24.7)	37.0 (33.4-40.7)
50-59	33.3 (30.1-36.8)	6.8 (5.4-8.7)	19.1 (16.8-21.7)	40.7 (37.4-44.1)
60	28.7 (25.2-32.5)	4.4 (2.8-6.7)	16.3 (14.1-18.9)	50.6 (46.8-54.5)
Schooling level
Less than elementary school	21.6 (17.2-26.8)	2.6 (1.5-4.5)	17.9 (14.2-22.3)	57.9 (52.2-63.4)
High school	39.7 (37.7-41.6)	4.0 (3.3-4.8)	21.7 (20.1-23.4)	34.7 (32.9-36.6)
Higher education	55.7 (54.9-56.4)	4.3 (4.1-4.6)	19.9 (19.3-20.5)	20.1 (19.5-20.6)
Skin color
White	43.9 (42.3-45.6)	3.9 (3.3-4.5)	21.4 (20.1-22.7)	30.8 (29.3-32.4)
Black	36.3 (31.3-41.5)	3.2 (2.1-5.1)	20.1 (16.9-23.7)	40.4 (35.3-45.8)
Brown	38.1 (35.4-40.8)	4.0 (3.1-5.2)	20.8 (18.5-21.2)	37.1 (34.5-39.9)
Other	46.3 (38.5-54.3)	4.4 (2.5-7.7)	22.3 (15.7-30.8)	26.9 (19.8-35.4)
Per capita income (minimun wage)
< 1	35.3 (33.1-37.6)	3.4 (2.7-4.3)	20.7 (18.9-22.7)	40.6 (38.2-43.0)
1-2	44.4 (41.2-47.7)	4.0 (2.9-5.5)	21.2 (18.7-24.0)	30.3 (27.4-33.3)
> 2	47.0 (44.6-49.3)	4.7 (3.8-5.7)	21.3 (19.4-23.3)	27.1 (25.0-29.3)
Country region
North	38.2 (31.5-45.4)	3.4 (1.9-6.0)	20.1 (15.3-25.8)	38.3 (31.2-45.9)
Northeast	39.4 (35.7-43.2)	4.3 (3.0-6.4)	20.2 (17.3-23.3)	36.1 (32.6-39.8)
Southeast	40.5 (39.0-42.1)	3.9 (3.3-4.6)	21.8 (20.5-23.2)	33.8 (32.2-35.4)
South	44.9 (41.2-48.7)	2.9 (2.1-4.1)	19.9 (17.4-22.7)	32.3 (28.9-35.8)
Central	39.3 (31.7-47.5)	4.8 (2.7-8.3)	22.1 (14.6-32.0)	33.8 (25.7-43.0)
Working during the pandemic
No	31.3 (29.3-33.3)	4.4 (3.7-5.4)	24.5 (22.8-26.3)	39.8 (37.7-41.9)
Normal routine	39.1 (35.6-42.7)	1.6 (1.1-2.3)	16.0 (13.4-19.1)	43.3 (39.7-46.9)
Home office	61.3 (58.3-64.1)	4.6 (3.6-6.0)	17.7 (15.5-20.3)	16.3 (14.2-18.7)
Adherence to the quarantine (months)
No	40.1 (37.0-43.2)	2.6 (1.9-3.5)	15.7 (13.6-18.0)	41.7 (38.6-44.8)
< 1	37.1 (33.4-41.0)	3.2 (2.4-4.4)	22.9 (19.7-26.4)	36.8 (33.0-40.7)
1-2	43.2 (41.2-45.2)	5.0 (4.0-6.0)	23.5 (21.8-25.4)	28.3 (26.5-30.2)
> 2	36.1 (30.8-41.8)	3.8 (2.2-6.4)	18.9 (15.4-23.0)	41.2 (35.4-47.3)

	< 150 minutes/week of physical activity			≥ 4 hours/day of TV viewing			≥ 4 hours/day of computer/tablet
	Before % (95%CI)	During % (95%CI)	%Δ	Before % (95%CI)	During % (95%CI)	%Δ	Before % (95%CI)	During % (95%CI)	%Δ
Gender
Female	72.2 (70.7-73.7)	89.7 (88.7-90.6)	24	10.2 (9.1-11.4)	39.4 (37.7-41.1)	286	38.8 (37.2-40.4)	57.4 (55.7-59.1)	48
Male	67.3 (64.8-69.6)	85.6 (83.7-87.3)	27	10.3 (8.8-12.1)	35.8 (33.4-38.4)	248	50.8 (48.1-53.4)	66.2 (63.7-68.7)	30
Age group (years)
18-29	68.0 (65.3-70.5)	88.7 (87.0-90.2)	30	4.2 (3.2-5.5)	30.7 (28.1-33.3)	631	53.7 (50.8-56.6)	78.4 (76.2-80.3)	46
30-39	69.3 (66.0-72.4)	88.9 (86.6-90.9)	31	7.3 (5.9-9.1)	37.9 (34.6-41.4)	419	49.5 (46.0-53.0)	65.7 (62.1-69.1)	33
40-49	72.3 (69.1-75.4)	88.1 (85.4-90.3)	22	10.2 (7.9-13.1)	39.3 (35.8-43.0)	285	41.7 (38.3-45.2)	59.0 (55.2-62.6)	42
50-59	70.3 (67.3-73.2)	86.0 (83.6-88.1)	22	13.9 (11.8-16.3)	42.0 (38.7-45.4)	202	40.2 (36.8-43.6)	52.4 (49.0-55.8)	30
60	70.2 (66.5-73.7)	86.1 (83.1-88.7)	23	18.8 (15.8-22.2)	41.6 (37.8-45.4)	121	33.1 (29.4-37.0)	45.0 (41.2-48.9)	36
Schooling level
Less than elementary school	78.8 (73.8-83.1)	89.1 (85.1-92.2)	13	15.6 (11.7-20.5)	41.2 (35.8-46.9)	164	24.2 (19.6-29.4)	39.5 (34.1-45.1)	63
High school	70.8 (69.0-72.5)	88.2 (86.9-89.4)	25	10.6 (9.4-11.8)	38.5 (36.6-40.4)	263	43.6 (41.7-45.6)	61.3 (59.4-63.2)	41
Higher education	60.8 (60.0-61.5)	85.1 (84.5-85.6)	40	6.0 (5.7-6.4)	32.2 (31.5-32.9)	437	60.0 (59.3-60.7)	75.6 (75.0-76.2)	26
Skin color
White	68.1 (66.6-69.6)	87.3 (86.2-88.4)	28	9.5 (8.6-10.5)	35.4 (33.9-37.0)	273	47.8 (46.1-49.4)	65.3 (63.7-66.9)	37
Black	69.6 (64.9-73.9)	85.6 (81.6-88.9)	23	13.0 (9.8-17.2)	42.5 (37.4-47.8)	227	39.5 (34.5-44.7)	56.3 (51.0-61.5)	43
Brown	71.6 (69.0-74.1)	88.5 (86.6-90.1)	24	10.6 (9.0-12.5)	39.1 (36.3-41.9)	269	42.1 (39.4-44.9)	58.8 (56.0-61.6)	40
Other	70.2 (63.3-76.3)	88.4 (84.3-91.6)	26	7.9 (4.2-14.5)	36.5 (28.7-45.1)	362	50.7 (42.6-58.9)	68.7 (60.3-76.0)	36
Per capita income (minimum wages)
< 1	73.3 (71.0-75.4)	89.1 (87.5-90.6)	22	10.4 (9.1-11.9)	37.8 (35.6-40.1)	263	38.7 (36.4-41.0)	56.0 (53.6-58.4)	45
1-2	72.7 (69.9-75.3)	89.2 (87.1-90.9)	23	11.1 (8.9-13.7)	39.4 (36.2-42.6)	255	48.4 (45.2-51.7)	65.6 (62.5-68.7)	36
> 2	61.1 (58.8-63.4)	83.9 (82.1-85.4)	37	9.3 (8.0-10.7)	36.0 (33.7-38.3)	287	51.6 (49.2-54.0)	68.2 (65.9-70.5)	32
Country region
North	71.5 (64.9-77.3)	89.1 (83.7-92.8)	25	12.7 (7.5-20.6)	40.0 (32.9-47.5)	215	41.6 (34.8-48.8)	58.3 (50.8-65.4)	40
Northeast	67.2 (63.4-70.8)	87.9 (85.1-90.2)	31	10.2 (8.2-12.7)	40.8 (37.0-44.6)	300	43.7 (40.0-47.6)	59.5 (55.8-63.2)	36
Southeast	69.2 (67.7-70.6)	86.3 (85.1-87.4)	25	10.6 (9.6-11.7)	38.7 (37.1-40.3)	265	44.4 (42.8-46.0)	62.3 (60.7-63.9)	40
South	71.9 (68.4-75.0)	89.2 (86.6-91.3)	24	10.1 (7.8-12.9)	34.2 (30.8-37.8)	237	47.8 (44.1-51.6)	64.8 (61.2-68.2)	36
Central	77.8 (71.9-82.8)	92.0 (88.3-94.6)	18	6.2 (3.9-9.7)	24.6 (19.2-30.9)	297	44.1 (36.0-52.5)	61.4 (52.4-69.7)	39
Working during the pandemic
No	69.9 (67.8-71.8)	87.8 (86.4-89.1)	26	11.9 (10.5-13.3)	43.8 (41.7-45.9)	268	35.7 (33.7-37.8)	55.8 (53.6-57.9)	56
Normal routine	70.6 (67.3-73.6)	88.9 (86.5-90.9)	26	10.1 (7.9-12.8)	30.3 (26.8-34.1)	200	40.7 (37.2-44.3)	55.2 (51.5-58.7)	36
Home office	69.2 (66.7-71.6)	86.6 (84.6-88.4)	25	7.2 (5.9-8.7)	31.0 (28.6-33.5)	331	65.9 (63.0-68.7)	79.0 (76.5-81.4)	20
Adherence to the quarantine (months)
No	69.7 (66.7-72.6)	87.4 (85.0-89.4)	25	9.6 (7.7-11.9)	31.5 (28.6-34.6)	228	42.7 (39.6-45.8)	55.8 (52.6-58.8)	31
< 1	72.4 (68.8-75.7)	90.3 (88.2-92.1)	25	10.3 (8.3-12.8)	38.9 (35.2-42.8)	278	40.3 (36.6-44.2)	60.0 (56.0-63.8)	49
1-2	69.0 (67.2-70.8)	86.9 (85.4-88.2)	26	10.0 (8.8-11.4)	39.7 (37.7-41.7)	297	48.2 (46.2-50.2)	66.8 (64.8-68.7)	39
> 2	68.3 (62.4-73.8)	87.3 (83.0-90.6)	28	13.4 (10.6-18.1)	43.3 (37.7-49.2)	223	39.9 (34.4-45.6)	55.0 (49.0-60.8)	38

[1] Correspondence
D. R. P. Silva Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Campus Universitário Prof. Aloísio de Campos, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brasil. danilorpsilva@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Cambios en la prevalencia de inactividad física y comportamiento sedentario durante la pandemia de COVID-19: una encuesta con 39.693 adultos brasileños

Resumen: