Primary care in health regions: policy, structure, and organization

Abstract:

Primary health care (PHC), conceived as the coordinator of care and the backbone of the regionalized health care network, is one of the conditioning factors in health. The article aims to identify the political, structural, and organizational dimensions of PHC in different regions of Brazil and assumes that these dimensions can at least partially explain the functioning of PHC in the regional scenario. A total of 84 interviews were held with key actors in five health regions. The regions were selected on the basis of the diversity of socioeconomic, territorial, and organizational situations in the health system. Despite the heterogeneity in the regionalized health care networks, some common traits were seen. The political dimension revealed fragilities in intergovernmental cooperation and state-level leadership, in addition to the inability of the Bipartite Inter-Managers Commission to serve as a space for planning and negotiated agreements. The structural dimension showed a clear insufficiency of conditions to minimally ensure the execution of essential functions in PHC. Critical points are the shortage, poor distribution, and deficient qualifications of human resources and underfunding of activities. The organizational dimension reveals difficulties in breaking with the fragmentation of services. PHC is unable to fulfill its role as coordinator of care, and there is lack of a modus operandi capable of meeting users’ needs, considering each region’s specificities. Overcoming the above-mentioned constraints is essential for strengthening the Brazilian Unified National Health System as a public, universal, equitable, and comprehensive system.

Keywords:
Primary Health Care; Regional Health Planning; Health Systems