Consequências na alimentação de crianças órfãs após a morte materna: uma investigação por meio de softwares de mineração de texto

Salazar-López, María Esther; Vanin, Aline Aver; Cazella, Silvio César; Levandowski, Daniela Centenaro

doi:10.1590/0102-311X00189717

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ARTIGO • Cad. Saúde Pública 36 (3) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00189717 copiar

Consequências na alimentação de crianças órfãs após a morte materna: uma investigação por meio de softwares de mineração de texto

Feeding consequences of orphans after the mother’s death: a study using text mining software

Consecuencias en la alimentación de niños huérfanos tras la muerte materna: una investigación mediante softwares de minería de textos

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objetiva-se descrever as consequências no aleitamento e na alimentação que terão as crianças órfãs menores de cinco anos em decorrência da morte materna, aplicando-se softwares livres de mineração de texto. Estudo transversal com base em artigos publicados nos repositórios PubMed e BIREME nos temas de morte materna e crianças órfãs. Foram selecionados dez artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2015, de acesso livre, nos quais foram lidos apenas o título ou o resumo e que cumpriam com os critérios. Os arquivos de texto definiram o corpus para análise de conteúdo semiestruturado. Palavras-chave foram incluídas para a mineração. A análise do corpus foi feita com TagCrowd e Textalyser para encontrar os termos mais e menos frequentes, AntConc e Voyant Tools, para extrair palavras-chave na análise de contexto. Foram analisadas 67.642 palavras em dez textos semiestruturados. Os termos CHILDREN (827) e DEATH (821) foram os mais frequentes, e os menos frequentes foram BREASTFEEDING (10) e NUTRITION (4). Foram encontradas 44 concordâncias para o termo raiz BREAST* e 25 para a palavra NUTRITION em orações como: “crianças órfãs têm o aumento de risco de mortalidade por falta de amamentação, e são mais susceptíveis às infecções”. As sentenças de concordância apontam que a mudança no aleitamento materno conduz a uma nutrição pobre, o que deixa o recém-nascido exposto a infecções, aumentando o risco de morte. O processamento de texto com as ferramentas livres foi rápido e permitiu extrair informações úteis e compreensíveis; a análise dos dez artigos mostrou as consequências na alimentação da criança após a morte materna, tendo efeito na morbidade e mortalidade infantil.

Palavras-chave:
Mortalidade Infantil; Crianças Órfãs; Aleitamento Materno; Desnutrição; Gestão da Informação

ID	Título do artigo	Referência (ano de publicação/periódico)	Número e palavras mais frequentes
1_ClarkS	Young Children’s Probability of Dying Before and After Their Mother’s Death: A Rural South African Population-Based Surveillance Study	Clark et al. ²⁷27. Clark SJ, Kahn K, Houle B, Arteche A, Collinson MA, Tollman SM, et al. Young children's probability of dying before and after their mother's death: a rural South African population-based surveillance study. PLoS Med 2013; 10:e1001409. (2013/PLoS Medicine)	8,716 Death (157), mothers (136), child (94), children (89), period (68), health (53), HIV (45), mortality (43), AIDS (42), Africa (40)
2_FinlayJ	The Effects of Maternal Mortality on Infant and Child Survival in Rural Tanzania: A Cohort Study	Finlay et al. ²⁹29. Finlay JE, Moucheraud C, Goshev S, Levira F, Mrema S, Canning D, et al. The effects of maternal mortality on infant and child survival in rural Tanzania: a cohort study. Matern Child Health J 2015; 19:2393-402. (2015/Maternal and Child Health Journal)	6,351 Death (138), maternal (132), survival (116), children (79), child (62), mortality (58), birth (29), orphaned (26), infant (22), household (15)
3_DoringM	Factors Associated with Instutionalization of Children Orphaned by AIDS in a Population-Based Survey in Porto Alegre, Brazil	Doring et al. ³⁵35. Doring M, Franca Junior I, Stella I. Factors associated with institutionalization of children orphaned by AIDS in a population-based survey in Porto Alegre, Brazil. AIDS 2005; 19 Suppl 4:S59-63. (2005/AIDS)	3,956 AIDS (70), children (67), orphans (47), mothers (33), institutionalization (32), HIV (28), child (23), family (17), health (16), father (13)
4_HouleB	The Impacts of Maternal Mortality and Cause of Death on Children’s Risk of Dying in Rural South Africa: Evidence from a Population Based Surveillance Study (1992-2013)	Houle et al. ³⁶36. Houle B, Clark S, Kahn K, Tollman S, Yamin A. The impacts of maternal mortality and cause of death on children's risk of dying in rural South Africa: evidence from a population based surveillance study (1992-2013). Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S7. (2015/Reproductive Health)	6,860 Death (133), maternal (101), mothers (76), health (76), child (70), children (67), survival (56), mortality (54), HIV (50), Africa (45)
5_MollaM	Impacts of Maternal Mortality on Living Children and Families: A Qualitative Study from Butajira, Ethiopia	Molla et al. ²⁸28. Molla M, Mitiku I, Worku A, Yamin AE. Impacts of maternal mortality on living children and families: a qualitative study from Butajira, Ethiopia. Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S6. (2015/Reproductive Health)	7,339 Health (95), maternal (89), children (73), family (66), death (50), mothers (46), care (42), mortality (36), child (34), rural (26)
6_MoucheraudC	Consequences of Maternal Mortality on Infant and Child Survival: A 25-Year Longitudinal Analysis in Butajira Ethiopia (1987-2011)	Moucheraud et al. ¹⁴14. Moucheraud C, Worku A, Molla M, Finlay JE, Leaning J, Yamin AE. Consequences of maternal mortality on infant and child survival: a 25-year longitudinal analysis in Butajira Ethiopia (1987-2011). Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S4. (2015/Reproductive Health)	6,436 Death (120), maternal (105), children (96), survival (66), mothers (64), mortality (45), health (40), women (40), child (29), care (28)
7_OladokunR	Comparison of Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Orphans and Non-Orphans among HIV-Positive Children in Ibadan, Nigeria	Oladokun et al. ²⁵25. Oladokun R, Brown B, Aiyetan P, Ayodele O, Osinusi K. Comparison of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of orphans and non-orphans among HIV-positive children in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int J Infect Dis 2009; 13:462-8. (2009/International Journal of Infectious Diseases)	4,925 Orphans (103), children (74), AIDS (43), HIV (42), age (32), care (24), family (24), parents (20), health (15), caregivers (13)
8_RonsmansC	Effect of Parent’s Death on Child Survival in Rural Bangladesh: A Cohort Study	Ronsmans et al. ²⁶26. Ronsmans C, Chowdhury ME, Dasgupta S, Ahmed A, Koblinsky M. Effect of parent's death on child survival in rural Bangladesh: a cohort study. Lancet 2010; 375:2024-31. (2010/Lancet)	7,136 Mothers (127), death (95), survival (95), child (95), children (70), father (66), died (60), age (46), mortality (27), health (23)
9_KnihtL	“Without a Mother”: Caregivers and Community Members’ Views about the Impacts of Maternal Mortality on Families in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Kniht et al. ³⁰30. Knight L, Yamin AE. "Without a mother": qualitative findings about the impacts of maternal mortality on families in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S5. (2015/Reproductive Health)	9,463 Children (120), family (120), maternal (116), south (73), mortality (71), death (65), care (64), Africa (62), mother (60), child (59)
10_YaminA	Costs of Inaction on Maternal Mortality: Qualitative Evidence of the Impacts of Maternal Deaths on Living Children in Tanzania	Yamin et al. ³²32. Yamin AE, Boulanger VM, Falb KL, Shuma J, Leaning J. Costs of inaction on maternal mortality: qualitative evidence of the impacts of maternal deaths on living children in Tanzania. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71674. (2013/PLoS One)	6,460 Maternal (104), children (92), health (61), orphans (59), death (50), family (48), mortality (40), care (34), women (34), child (26)

Hit *	Sentença/Palavra BREAST* (44)	Sentença/Palavra NUTRITION (25)	Texto
2/6	“did not have data on child nutrition, including BREASTFEEDING or complementary feeding”	“did not have data on child NUTRITION, including breastfeeding”	Clark et al. ²⁷27. Clark SJ, Kahn K, Houle B, Arteche A, Collinson MA, Tollman SM, et al. Young children's probability of dying before and after their mother's death: a rural South African population-based surveillance study. PLoS Med 2013; 10:e1001409.
5	“increased mortality risk following lack of BREASTFEEDING: directly via malnutrition, and indirectly”		Finlay et al. ²⁹29. Finlay JE, Moucheraud C, Goshev S, Levira F, Mrema S, Canning D, et al. The effects of maternal mortality on infant and child survival in rural Tanzania: a cohort study. Matern Child Health J 2015; 19:2393-402.
7/10	“early and exclusive BREASTFEEDING, a nutritional advantage only a mother”	“early and exclusive breastfeeding, a NUTRITIONAL advantage only a mother can provide”	Molla et al. ²⁸28. Molla M, Mitiku I, Worku A, Yamin AE. Impacts of maternal mortality on living children and families: a qualitative study from Butajira, Ethiopia. Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S6.
8	“mainly lack of proper feeding, especially BREAST FEEDING, due to lack of a mother”		Molla et al. ²⁸28. Molla M, Mitiku I, Worku A, Yamin AE. Impacts of maternal mortality on living children and families: a qualitative study from Butajira, Ethiopia. Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S6.
9/12	“nutrition of children who were BREASTFED and cared for by their mothers”	“uniformly expressed that the growth and NUTRITION of children who were breastfed”	Molla et al. ²⁸28. Molla M, Mitiku I, Worku A, Yamin AE. Impacts of maternal mortality on living children and families: a qualitative study from Butajira, Ethiopia. Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S6.
21/22	“resulting lack of nutritional support from BREASTFEEDING leaves the baby vulnerable to malnutrition”	“lack of NUTRITIONAL support from breastfeeding leaves the baby vulnerable to MALNUTTRITION	Moucheraud et al. ¹⁴14. Moucheraud C, Worku A, Molla M, Finlay JE, Leaning J, Yamin AE. Consequences of maternal mortality on infant and child survival: a 25-year longitudinal analysis in Butajira Ethiopia (1987-2011). Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S4.
27	“abrupt cessation of BREASTFEEDING, but the persistence of the effects up to 10 years of age suggests that the absence of maternal care might be a crucial factor”		Ronsmans et al. ²⁶26. Ronsmans C, Chowdhury ME, Dasgupta S, Ahmed A, Koblinsky M. Effect of parent's death on child survival in rural Bangladesh: a cohort study. Lancet 2010; 375:2024-31.
34	“the child’s ﬁrst birthday, BREASTFEEDING is abruptly stopped”		Ronsmans et al. ²⁶26. Ronsmans C, Chowdhury ME, Dasgupta S, Ahmed A, Koblinsky M. Effect of parent's death on child survival in rural Bangladesh: a cohort study. Lancet 2010; 375:2024-31.
39	“benefits of bonding with and being BREASTFED by their mother”		Kniht et al. ³⁰30. Knight L, Yamin AE. "Without a mother": qualitative findings about the impacts of maternal mortality on families in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S5.

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[1] Correspondência
M. E. Salazar-López Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre. Rua Sarmento Leite 245, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brasil. m.esthersalazar@gmail.com