| Health |
|
| Acute diarrheal diseases (ADD) |
Soft or watery defecation more than three times a day (or more often than normal for the person). |
| Structured as a dummy variable with a value of 1 if the person had ADD. |
| Acute respiratory infection (ARI) |
Group of diseases produced in the respiratory system caused by different microorganisms, such as viruses and bacteria, which begin suddenly and last less than two weeks. |
| Structured as a dummy variable with a value of 1 if the person had ARI. |
| Comprehensive vaccination * |
Colombia has a comprehensive vaccination program for children aged under five years which includes the following immunizations: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine (one dose for children aged under a year), Polio vaccine (four doses, newborns, two, four, and six months), Hepatitis B (three doses, newborn, two and six months), Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus (DPT) (three doses, two, four and six months), MMR (Measles, Rubella, Mumps and Congenital Rubella) (one dose, one year), Tetanus/Diphtheria toxoids TT or Td (Neonatal Tetanus and Diphtheria) (five doses), MEF (10 to 49 years), Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Hib (Pneumonia and Meningitis) (three doses, two, four and six months), Yellow fever (one dose, over one year). |
|
dummy variable that takes the value of 1 if the individual has received the full vaccination, or otherwise 0. |
| Severe wasting |
Low weight-for-height. World Health Organization. |
| Structured as a dummy variable with a value of 1 if the person had severe wasting. |
| Moderate wasting |
Low weight-for-height and for sex, regardless of age. World Health Organization. |
| Structured as a dummy variable with a value of 1 if the person had moderate wasting. |
| Child care practices |
|
| Treatment of ADD |
Use of oral rehydration salts with low concentrations of glucose and salt, and zinc supplement, which can drastically reduce the number of childhood deaths. Besides the prevention and treatment of dehydration with appropriate fluids, breastfeeding, continued feeding and selective antibiotics, new methods reduce not only the duration and severity of diarrheal episodes, but also frequency. |
|
dummy variable that takes the value of 1 if the individual had received treatment for ADD, or otherwise 0. |
| Treatment of ARI/fever |
The treatment of ARI involves different levels of care, beginning with the pre hospital care. The primary assessment steps are: airway with cervical spine control, proper ventilation, stable hemodynamic circulation, and state of consciousness. Treatment beyond primary assessment involves three levels of care which depend on the degree of complexity. |
|
dummy variable that takes the value of 1 if the individual had received treatment for ARI, or otherwise 0. |
Note: the black line represents the standard deviations (-2 to -3).Kernel density estimation (Z Score)Kernel = espanechnikov, band with = 0.1584Source: authors’ estimates.
Note: the black line represents the threshold of tolerance (3.5% to 5%).
