Characteristics of the environmental microscale and walking and bicycling for transportation among adults in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil

Lopes, Adalberto Aparecido dos Santos; Kienteka, Marilson; Fermino, Rogério César; Reis, Rodrigo Siqueira

doi:10.1590/0102-311X00203116

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

ARTIGO • Cad. Saúde Pública 34 (1) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00203116 copy

Characteristics of the environmental microscale and walking and bicycling for transportation among adults in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil

Características da microescala do ambiente, caminhada e uso de bicicleta no deslocamento em adultos de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil

Características de una microescala ambiental y pasear, montar en bicicleta, como forma de transporte en una población adulta de Curitiba, Estado de Paraná, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between the characteristics of the built and social and environmental microscale and walking and bicycling for transportation in adults in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed in 2009 with a household survey that included 1,419 adults. Objective evaluation of environment was performed on the resident’s street segments, using an instrument for systematic observation consisting of six dimensions: “land use”, “public transportation”, “streetscape”, “conditions and aesthetics”, “places for walking and bicycling”, and “social environment”. The score for each dimension was obtained as the sum of positive items related to physical activity. The items for “public transportation” (≥ 1 items) and “places for walking and bicycling on the streets” (≥ 3 items) were dichotomized, while the scores for the other items were classified in tertiles. Walking and bicycling for transportation were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The data were analyzed using multilevel Poisson regression. Medium “streetscape” score was inversely associated with walking ≥ 150min/week (PR = 0.60; 95%CI: 0.40-0.91; VPC = 12%) and bicycling (PR = 0.54; 95%CI: 0.29-0.99; VPC = 60%). In conclusion, only “streetscape” was associated with walking and bicycling for transportation in adults.

Controlled Environment; Motor Activity; Walking; Bicycling

Categories	n	%
Individual variables Gender
Male	517	36.4
Female	902	63.6
Age bracket (years) [5 missing]
18-39	587	41.5
40-59	647	45.8
≥ 60	180	12.7
Marital status
Single	604	42.6
Married	815	57.4
Socioeconomic status [8 missing]
Low	532	37.7
Medium	702	49.8
High	177	12.5
Nutritional status [4 missing]
Normal	731	51.7
Excess weight	684	48.3
Self-rated health
Negative	403	28.4
Positive	1,016	71.6
Self-rated quality of life
Negative	370	26.1
Positive	1,049	73.9
Perceived crime in neighborhood [1 missing]
No	756	53.3
Yes	662	46.7
Number of motor vehicles in household [6 missing]
0	336	23.8
1	669	47.3
≥ 2	408	28.9
Use of public transportation (days/week)
0	533	37.6
1-2	422	29.7
≥ 3	464	32.7
Environmental variables
Land use [1 missing]
Low	483	34.1
Medium	584	41.2
High (3^rd tertile)	351	24.8
Public transportation
0 items	220	15.5
≥ 1 items	1,199	84.5
Streetscape [1 missing]
Low	857	60.4
Medium	219	15.4
High (3^rd tertile)	342	24.1
Conditions and aesthetics
Low	635	44.7
Medium	364	25.7
High (3^rd tertile)	420	29.6
Places for walking and bicycling
Sidewalks
Low	494	34.8
Medium	485	34.2
High (3^rd tertile)	440	31.0
Streets
0-2 items	1,130	79.6
≥ 3 items	289	20.4
Social environment
Low	492	34.7
Medium	575	40.5
High (3^rd tertile)	352	24.8
Transportation-related physical activity
Walking I [2 missing]
0-9min/week	438	30.9
≥ 10min/week	979	69.1
Walking II [2 missing]
0-149min/week	1,130	79.7
≥ 150min/week	287	20.3
Bicycling [1 missing]
0-9min/week	1,290	91.0
≥ 10min/week	128	9.0
Main mode of transportation [13 missing]
Car	657	46.7
Public bus	482	34.3
Walking	181	12.9
Motorcycle	33	2.3
Bicycle	31	2.2
Private bus (company)	14	1.0
Taxi	2	0.1
Other	6	0.4

	Walking I ≥ 10 min/week		Walking II ≥ 150 min/week		Bicycling ≥ 10 min/week
	PR	95%CI	PR	95%CI	PR	95%CI
Gender
Female	1.00	*	1.00	*	1.00	**
Male	0.93	0.82-1.07	0.98	0.77-1.25	4.45	3.03-6.55
Age bracket (years)
18-39	1.00	*	1.00	***	1.00	**
40-59	0.99	0.86-1.14	1.12	0.87-1.46	0.67	0.47-0.96
≥ 60	1.14	0.93-1.38	1.40	0.99-1.98	0.18	0.06-0.50
Marital status
Single	1.00	***	1.00	***	1.00	*
Married	0.91	0.80-1.04	0.79	0.62-1.00	0.77	0.54-1.10
Socioeconomic status
Low	1.00	^#	1.00	**	1.00	*
Medium	0.87	0.75-1.00	0.66	0.51-0.85	0.97	0.67-1.41
High	0.68	0.54-0.87	0.34	0.21-0.56	0.58	0.29-1.15
Nutritional status
Normal	1.00	*	1.00	*	1.00	*
Excess weight	1.01	0.89-1.14	1.13	0.89-1.43	0.82	0.57-1.16
Self-rated health
Negative	1.00	*	1.00	*	1.00	^#
Positive	0.95	0.83-1.09	0.97	0.75-1.26	1.74	1.11-2.73
Self-rated quality of life
Negative	1.00	*	1.00	*	1.00	***
Positive	1.07	0.92-1.24	1.03	0.78-1.35	1.40	0.91-2.16
Perceived crime in neighborhood
No	1.00	*	1.00	*	1.00	^#
Yes	1.05	0.92-1.20	1.02	0.80-1.29	0.68	0.47-0.97
Number of motor vehicles in household
0	1.00	**	1.00	**	1.00	***
1	0.84	0.72-0.98	0.70	0.54-092	0.83	0.55-1.26
≥ 2	0.71	0.60-0.85	0.40	0.28-0.57	0.72	0.45-1.17
Use of public transportation (days/week)
0	1.00	**	1.00	**	1.00	^#
1-2	1.40	1.19-1.64	1.60	1-16-2.21	1.67	1.07-2.60
≥ 3	1.49	1.28-1.75	2.43	1.81-3.27	1.65	1.07-2.56

	Walking I ≥ 10 min/week		Walking II ≥ 150 min/week		Bicycling ≥ 10 min/week
	PR	95%CI	PR	95%CI	PR	95%CI
Environmental variables Land use (reference: low)
Medium	1.08	0.92-1.25	1.21	0.90-1.63	1.14	0.75-1.72
High	1.12	0.94-1.35	1.25	0.88-1.79	1.24	0.78-1.97
Public transportation (reference: 0 items)
≥ 1 items	0.89	0.75-1.05	0.86	0.64-1.17	0.79	0.50-1.23
Streetscape (reference: low)
Medium	1.08	0.90-1.29	0.62	0.41-0.92	0.53	0.29-0.97
High	1.08	0.91-1.28	0.93	0.67-1.30	0.79	0.51-1.22
Conditions and aesthetics (reference: low)
Medium	1.00	0.85-1.18	0.87	0.63-1.20	1.10	0.72-1.68
High	1.06	0.89-1.26	1.25	0.89-1.77	0.94	0.60-1.46
Places for walking and bicycling
Sidewalks (reference: low)
Medium	1.02	0.87-1.19	1.30	0.97-1.74	0.89	0.59-1.34
High	0.99	0.84-1.18	1.01	0.72-1.41	0.76	0.48-1.19
Streets (reference: 0-2 items)
≥ 3 items	0.99	0.84-1.17	1.08	0.80-1.46	1.05	0.68-1.61
Social environment (reference: low)
Medium	1.02	0.88-1.19	0.91	0.68-1.21	0.84	0.55-1.27
High	1.06	0.89-1.26	1.11	0.81-1.51	1.09	0.70-1.69

	Walking I ≥ 10 min/week *		Walking II ≥ 150 min/week **		Bicycling ≥ 10 min/week ***
	PR	95%CI	PR	95%CI	PR	95%CI
Environmental variables Land use (ref: low)
Medium	1.07	0.91-1.24	1.18	0.87-1.59	1.08	0.72-1.64
High	1.11	0.92-1.33	1.19	0.83-1.70	1.12	0.71-1.78
		0.123 (0.036) ^#		0.385 (0.104) ^#		0.108 (0.031) ^#
Public transportation (ref: 0 items)
≥ 1 items	0.89	0.75-1.06	0.88	0.65-1.20	0.75	0.48-1.17
		0.133 (0.038) ^#		0.410 (0.110) ^#		0.105 (0.030) ^#
Streetscape (ref: low)
Medium	1.09	0.91-1.31	0.60	0.40-0.91	0.54	0.29-0.99
High	1.09	0.92-1.30	0.96	0.69-1.34	0.71	0.46-1.10
		0.127 (0.037) ^#		0.462 (0.123) ^#		5.06 (0.605) ^#
Conditions and aesthetics (ref: low)
Medium	1.01	0.86-1.19	0.87	0.62-1.21	1.04	0.68-1.58
High	1.07	0.90-1.28	1.20	0.84-1.70	0.83	0.54-1.28
		0.127 (0.037) ^#		0.381 (0.103) ^#		0.000 (0.000) ^#
Places for walking and bicycling
Sidewalks (ref: low)
Medium	1.01	0.87-1.18	1.28	0.95-1.72	0.90	0.60-1.35
High	1.00	0.84-1.18	0.99	0.71-1.40	0.78	0.50-1.22
		0.140 (0.040) ^#		0.426 (0.114) ^#		0.000 (0.000) ^#
Streets (ref: 0-2 items)
≥ 3 items	1.01	0.86-1.20	1.17	0.86-1.60	0.92	0.60-1.42
		0.139 (0.040) ^#		0.401 (0.108) ^#		0.080 (0.023) ^#
Social environment (ref: low)
Medium	1.02	0.87-1.19	0.90	0.67-1.20	0.83	0.55-1.25
High	1.03	0.87-1.23	1.03	0.75-1.41	0.91	0.58-1.42
		0.133 (0.038) ^#		0.414 (0.111) ^#		0.084(0.024) ^#

Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480 , 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil, Tel.:+55 21 2598-2511, Fax: +55 21 2598-2737 / +55 21 2598-2514 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: cadernos@ensp.fiocruz.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] * Correspondence A. A. S. Lopes Grupo de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Qualidade de Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brasil. aadalberto@hotmail.com