Silva, Danielle Cristina Guimarães da; Segheto, Wellington; Coelho, France Araújo; Reis, Vanessa Guimarães; Morais, Sílvia Helena Oliveira; Pessoa, Milene Cristine; Longo, Giana Zarbato

doi:10.1590/1413-812320172212.07862016

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Free Themes • Ciênc. saúde colet. 22 (12) • Dez 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320172212.07862016 copiar

Fatores de risco e de proteção para doenças crônicas em adultos: um estudo de base populacional

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

Este artigo descreve a frequência relativa de comportamentos de risco e de proteção para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) em adultos de Viçosa, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional, incluindo 1226 adultos residentes do município. Utilizou-se um questionário estruturado, contendo questões sociodemográficas e comportamentais. Os fatores de risco/proteção avaliados foram: tabagismo, prática de atividade física, consumo abusivo de bebida alcóolica e consumo alimentar. A proporção dos fatores de risco/proteção foi calculada na população total, de acordo com sexo, escolaridade e nível socioeconômico. A população avaliada apresenta elevada frequência de fatores de risco para DCNT, como consumo abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas, hábito de consumir leite integral, ingerir carnes com gorduras visíveis, consumo regular de refrigerantes e 78,5% não atingiram a recomendação mínima para atividade física no lazer. Em relação aos fatores de proteção, 86,2% da população relataram consumir regularmente frutas e vegetais, e 73%, feijões. Verificou-se a maior frequência de fatores de riscos no sexo masculino, em indivíduos de menor idade e nível socioeconômico intermediário. Nesta população há urgência nas políticas públicas de planejamento municipal para mudar o atual cenário.

Palavras-chave
Fatores de risco; Doenças crônicas; Inquéritos epidemiológicos

Variable		Relative Frequency^* * Frequency weighted by sex, age and education. (%)	Confidence interval (95% CI)
Sex
	Male	49.2	(45.7 - 52.7)
	Female	50.8	(47.3 - 54.3)
Age (years)
	20 – 29	32.8	(24.3 - 42.5)
	30 – 39	25.3	(21.1 - 29.9)
	40 – 49	22.9	(18.3 - 28.3)
	50 – 59	19.0	(15.1 - 23.7)
Education (years)
	0 – 3	12.3	(7.3 – 19.7)
	4 – 7	16.0	(11.8 – 21.4)
	>=8	71.7	(61.1 – 80.3)
Socioeconomic level (ABEP)
	High (A and B)	24.5	(19.0 - 31.1)
	Middle (C)	64.7	(59.9 - 69.2)
	Low (D and E)	10.8	(7.3 - 15.6)
Smoking
	Non-smoker	65.4	(59.9 - 70.6)
	Smoker and ex-smoker	34.6	(29.3 - 40.1)
Physical activity at leisure
	Do not reach the recommendation	78.5	(71.3 - 84.3)
	Reach the recommendation	21.5	(15.7 - 28.6)
Abusive consumption of alcohol^a a More than five (men) or more than four (women) doses at least one occasion in the last 30 days.		39.3	(35.4 - 43.4)
Habit of consuming whole milk		59.0	(54.7- 63.1)
Habit of consuming meat without removal of visible fat		55.4	(50.3 - 60.3)
Regular consumption of soft drinks^b b Consumption of soft drinks in 5 or more days per week.		27.8	(23.8 - 32.3)
Regular consumption of beans^c c Consumption of bean in 5 or more days a week.		86.2	(83.2 - 88.8)
Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables^d d Consumption of fruits and vegetables in 5 or more days a week.		73.0	(67.3 - 77.9)

Risk and protection factors		Relative frequency^* * Frequency weighted by sex, age and education. (95% CI)		p-value^ Chi-square test (p < 0.05).
Risk and protection factors		Men	Women
Smoking				0.09
	Non-smoker	45.9 (41.9 – 50.0)	54.1 (50.0 – 58.1)
	Smoker and ex-smoker	55.4 (46.0 - 64.4)	44.5 (35.5 - 53.9)
Physical activity at leisure				0.07
	Do not reach the recommendation	46.1 (41.7 - 50.5)	53.9 (49.5 - 58.3)
	Reach the recommendation	66.7 (59.8 - 72.9)	33.3 (27.0 - 40.2)
Abusive consumption of alcohol^a a More than five (men) or more than four (women) doses at least one occasion in the last 30 days.		54.4 (48.9 - 60.1)	24.6 (21.6 - 28.0)	0.00
Habit of consuming whole milk		51.7 (46.6 - 56.8)	48.3 (43.2 - 53.4)	0.13
Habit of consuming meat without removal of visible fat		58.2 (52.6 - 63.5)	41.8 (36.5 - 47.4)	0.00
Regular consumption of soft drinks^b b Consumption of soft drinks in 5 or more days per week.		56.2 (50.8 - 61.4)	43.8 (38.6 - 49.1)	0.00
Regular consumption of beans^c c Consumption of bean 5 or more days a week.		50.4 (46.5 - 54.2)	49.6 (45.7 - 53.5)	0.04
Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables^d d Consumption of fruits and vegetables 5 or more days a week.		47.3 (42.4 - 52.2)	52.7 (47.8 - 57.5)	0.07

Risk and protection factors		Relative frequency^* * Frequency weighted by sex, age and education. (95% CI)				p-value^ Chi-square test (p < 0.05).
		Age
		(20 - 29 years)	(30 – 39 years)	(40 – 49 years)	(50 - 59 years)
Smoking						0.00
	Non-smoker	38.4 (29.4 - 48.2)	27.6 (21.8 - 34.1)	20.1(15.8 - 25.1)	13.9(10.2 - 18.6)
	Smoker and ex-smoker	22.1 (14.5 - 32.3)	20.8 (16.0 - 26.5)	28.2 (21.4 - 36.2)	28.7 (22.2 - 36.2)
Physical activity at leisure						0.00
	Do not reach the recommendation	26.1 (18.1 - 36.0)	25.2 (20.2 - 31.0)	25.4 (19.4 - 32.4)	23.3 (18.5 - 28.8)
	Reach the recommendation	46.8 (37.0 - 56.9)	26.2 (20.4 - 32.8)	13.9 (8.6 - 21.5)	13.1 (7.2 - 22.3)
Abusive consumption of alcohol^a a More than five (men) or more than four (women) doses at least one occasion in the last 30 days.		41.0 (29.6 - 53.3)	29.4 (21.9 - 38.0)	17.7 (10.9 - 27.5)	11.9 (6.9 - 19.6)	0.00
Habit of consuming whole milk		34.9 (25.9 - 44.9)	26.2 (21.6 - 31.2)	22.0 (16.3 - 29.1)	16.9 (12.9 - 21.6)	0.16
Habit of consuming meat without removal of visible fat		31.6 (22.2 - 42.9)	28.2(22.9 - 34.1)	23.5(17.5 - 30.6)	16.7(11.9 - 22.7)	0.18
Regular consumption of soft drinks^b b Consumption of soft drinks in 5 or more days per week.		47.2(36.6 - 58.1)	27.2(19.3 - 37.0)	18.5(12.5 - 26.3)	7.1 (4.6 - 10.4)	0.00
Regular consumption of beans^c c Consumption of bean 5 or more days a week.		32.2(23.8 - 41.9)	26.0 (21.6 - 30.9)	22.7(17.6 - 28.7)	19.1 (14.8 - 24.0)	0.62
Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables^d d Consumption of fruits and vegetables 5 or more days a week.		34.5 (26.1 - 43.9)	24.2 (20.3 - 28.6)	21.9 (17.2 - 27.5)	19.4(15.3 - 24.1)	0.27

Risk and protection factors		Relative frequency^* * Frequency weighted by sex, age and education. (95% CI)			p-value^ Chi-square test (p < 0.05).
Risk and protection factors		High socioeconomic status (A and B)	Middle socioeconomic status (C)	Low socioeconomic status (D and E)
Smoking					0.63
	Non-smoker	25.5 (19.8 - 32.0)	64.7 (59.1 - 70.0)	9.8 (6.2 - 15.1)
	Smoker and ex-smoker	22.8 (15.8 - 31.6)	64.6 (56.2 - 72.1)	12.5 (6.0 - 24.4)
Physical activity at leisure					0.00
	Do not reach the recommendation	19.7 (14.4 - 25.7)	66.6 (61.8 - 71.0)	13.7 (9.2 - 20.5)
	Reach the recommendation	34.7 (27.6 - 42.5)	61.1 (52.0 - 69.4)	4.2 (2.1 - 8.2)
Abusive consumption of alcohol^a a More than five (men) or more than four (women) doses at least one occasion in the last 30 days.		27.6 (20.8 - 35.5)	64.4 (56.1 - 72.0)	7.9 (4.4 - 14.0)	0.16
Habit of consuming whole milk		23.1(17.8 - 29.4)	67.3 (62.3 - 72.0)	9.5 (5.8 - 15.1)	0.15
Habit of consuming meat without removal of visible fat		23.5 (17.8 - 30.4)	69.0 (62.7 - 74.7)	7.5 (3.6 - 14.8)	0.06
Regular consumption of soft drinks^b b Consumption of soft drinks in 5 or more days per week.		24.2 (17.4 - 32.5)	68.1 (60.8 - 74.6)	7.7 (4.0 - 14.5)	0.37
Regular consumption of beans^c c Consumption of bean 5 or more days a week.		24.1 (18.5 - 30.8)	64.4 (59.2 - 69.2)	11.5 (7.6 - 17.0)	0.24
Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables^d d Consumption of fruits and vegetables 5 or more days a week.		29.5 (23.4 - 36.4)	61.5 (56.4 - 66.5)	9.0 (5.7 - 13.9)	0.00

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[1] Collaborations

DCG Silva, W Segheto, FA Coelho, VG Reis, SHO Morais contributed to the data collection and analyses of this study, wrote the initial draft of the manuscript and assembled the final version. MC Pessoa contributed to study design and data analyses. GZ Longo was the supervisor of this study, contributed to study design, developed analyses and data analyses.