Overweight and obesity are not associated to high blood pressure in young people sport practitioners

Coledam, Diogo Henrique Constantino; Ferraiol, Philippe Fanelli; Pires, Raymundo; Greca, João Paulo de Aguiar; Oliveira, Arli Ramos de

doi:10.1590/1413-812320172212.04812016

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Free Themes • Ciênc. saúde colet. 22 (12) • Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320172212.04812016 copy

Overweight and obesity are not associated to high blood pressure in young people sport practitioners

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between overweight and obesity with high blood pressure (HBP) according to sports practice in young people. Took part in this study 636 young people aged 10 to 17 years of Londrina, Parana State, Brazil. Sex, age, parental education, sedentary behavior, sports practice, nutritional status and blood pressure were analysed. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals. Overweight and obesity young people showed higher prevalence of HBP compared to eutrophics when analysed the total sample (25,7 e 29,5 vs 15,2%) and non sport practitioners (29,7 e 33,3 vs 15,1%), which did not occur with sports practitioners (17,1 e 18,2 vs 15,5%). Positive associations were found between overweight and obesity with HBP in total sample (PR = 1,60, 1,02-2,52 and 1,93, 1,15-3,25) and on non sport practitioners (RP = 1,80, 1,05-3,14 and 2,15, 1,10-4,16). For young people sports practitioners were not found associations between overweight and obesity with HBP (PR = 1,01, 0,36-2,82 and 1,09, 0,48-2,48). Weight excess was not associated with HBP in young people sports practitioners, suggesting cardiovascular protection in young people with overweight and obesity.

Key words
Adolescent; Motor activity; Nutritional status; Hypertension

Variables		Non-practicing^* * Participants who practiced sports and those who did not practice sports. n = 506 (%)	Practicing^* * Participants who practiced sports and those who did not practice sports. n = 247 (%)	Total n = 753 (%)	P^ P refers to the chi-square test of the association between the studied variables with sports practice.
Gender
	Male	36.6	70.0	47.5	<0.001
	Female	63.4	30.0	52.5	<0.001
Age
	10-12	26.3	46.2	32.8	<0.001
	14-15	35.6	33.6	34.9
	16-17	38.1	20.2	32.3
Paternal education
	Elementary education	23.5	17.8	21.6	0.090
	Secondary education	61.5	62.3	61.8
	Completed undergraduate	15.0	19.8	16.6
Region of the city
	North	19.8	17.0	18.9	0.776
	South	15.0	17.0	15.7
	East	21.7	20.6	21.4
	West	16.0	15.0	15.7
	Center	27.5	30.4	28.4
Sedentary behavior
	<2 h/day	32.6	44.5	36.5	<0.001
	≥2 h/day	67.4	55.5	63.5	<0.001
Nutritional status
	Eutrophic	78.8	81.3	79.6	0.509
	Overweight	14.7	14.2	14.5
	Obesity	6.5	4.5	5.9
Blood pressure
	Normotensive	81.6	84.2	82.5	0.480
	> 90th percentile	18.4	15.8	17.5	0.480

Variables		High blood pressure
Variables		%	PR (95% CI) Crude	P
Gender
	Male	22.9	1.00	<0.001
	Female	12.7	0.55 (0.40-0.76)
Age
	10-13	13.4	1.00	0.036
	14-17	19.6	1.46 (1.02-2.10)
Paternal education
	Elementary education	18.3	1.00	0.621
	Secondary/higher education	16.9	0.92 (0.67-1.26)
Sedentary behavior
	< 2 h/day	19.3	1.16 (0.85-1.59)	0.340
	≥ 2 h/day	16.5	1.00
Practiced sports
	No	18.4	1.00	0.380
	Yes	15.8	0.85 (0.61-1.20)
Nutritional status
	Eutrophic	15.2	1.00	0.001
	Overweight	25.7	1.62 (1.03-2.56)
	Obesity	29.5	1.91 (1.11-3.28)

Variables		High blood pressure
		Non-practicing			Practicing
		%	Crude PR PR (95% CI)	P	%	Crude PR PR (95% CI)	P
Gender
	Male	27.6	1.00	<0.001	17.9	1.00	0.160
	Female	13.1	0.47 (0.32-0.68)		10.8	0.60 (0.29-1.25)
Age
	10-13	13.5	1.00	0.093	13.2	1.00	0.294
	14-17	20.1	1.48 (0.92-2.38)		18.0	1.37 (0.75-2.48)
Paternal education
	Elementary education	22.7	1.00	0.165	15.8	1.00	0.981
	Secondary/higher education	17.1	0.75 (0.50-1.11)		15.9	1.01 (0.70-2.13)
Sedentary behavior
	<2 h/day	17.9	1.00	0.682	13.1	1.00	0.202
	≥2 h/day	19.4	1.08 (0.73-1.59)		19.1	1.45 (0.81-2.59)
Nutritional status
	Eutrophic	15.1	1.00	<0.001	15.5	1.00	0.746
	Overweight	29.7	1.92 (1.03-3.61)		17.1	1.04 (0.37-2.91)
	Obesity	33.3	2.22 (1.13-4.42)		18.2	1.17 (0.33-4.08)

Variables	%	All ^* * Ajusted for gender and age; PR (95% CI)	%	Non-practicing ^ Ajusted for gender, age and paternal education; PR (95% CI)	%	Practicing ^* ***** Ajusted for gender and sedentary behavior. DEFF: PR (95% CI)
Eutrophic	15.2	1.00	15.1	1.00	15.5	1.00
Overweight	25.7	1.60 (1.02-2.52)^a a = 1,07;	29.7	1.80 (1.05-3.14)^c c = 1,23;	17.1	1.01 (0.36-2.82)^e e = 1,20;
Obesity	29.5	1.93 (1.15-3.25)^b b = 0,83;	33.3	2.15 (1.10-4.16)^d d = 1,16;	18.2	1.09 (0.48-2.48)^f f = 0,36.

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[1] Collaborations

DHC Coledam and PF Ferraiol worked on the study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation, drafting, critical review and final approval of the manuscript. R Pires Júnior, JPA Greca and AR Oliveira collaborated in the analysis and interpretation of the data, critical revision of the manuscript and approval of the version to be published.