Smoking cessation in Brazil: a survival analysis based on consumers’ profile

Vogt, Camila de Moura; Fochezatto, Adelar; Alvim, Augusto Mussi

doi:10.1590/1413-81232021268.05262020

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ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 26 (08) • Aug 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021268.05262020 copy

Smoking cessation in Brazil: a survival analysis based on consumers’ profile

Cessação do hábito de fumar no Brasil: uma análise de sobrevivência baseada no perfil dos consumidores

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Cigarette consumption is a worldwide epidemic and its reduction is one of the major public health concerns. In Brazil, although there is a wide literature on smoking cessation it is restricted to experimental studies. Based on data from the 2013 National Health Survey (PNS), this study uses the survival methodology and use population data and consumer’s profile to investigate which characteristics will affect smoking cessation hazard. The results showed that the people who are less likely to quit smoking are older, single men, with low income and fewer education years. They also do not practice physical exercise. The findings of cigarette cessation hazard to Brazilian population are similar of experimental studies with smokers and ex-smokers in country. Therefore, in order to decrease public health spending, Brazilian health policies regarding tobacco cessation could focus on those groups who will likely smoke for a long time.

Key words:
Survival analysis; Smoking cessation; PNS; Brazil; Tobacco

Attribute	Description	%
Attribute	Description	Smokers	Ex-Smokers
Age	18 to 27	12.7	5.5
	28 to 37	21.1	12.7
	38 to 47	21.5	17.2
	48 to 57	24.2	22.9
	58 to 67	13.6	22.2
	68 to 77	5.5	13.7
	More than 78	1.6	5.9
Gender	Male	57	54
Gender	Female	43	46
Race	White	36	41.3
	Black	11.6	9
	Yellow	0.8	0.9
	Brown	50.7	48.1
	Indigenous	0.8	0.8
Marital Status	Married	30.3	46.2
	Divorced/Separate or widowed	17.3	21.8
	Single	52.4	32.0
Education	Literacy/ Initial grades	15	16
	Fundamental School	50	49
	High School	24	22
	University	10.8	12.5
	Master	0.5	0.6
	Doctorate	0.2	0.3
Income	Less than R$ 441.00	26.7	19.4
	From R$ 441.00 to R$ 1,019.00	40.3	40.1
	More than R$ 1,019.00	33	40.5
Alcohol consumption	Do not consume alcoholic beverages	40.2	62.8
Alcohol consumption	Consume alcoholic beverages	59.8	37.2
Physical Exercises	Practiced exercises in last three months	20.5	27.2
Physical Exercises	Did not practice exercises in last three months	79.5	72.8
Hypertension	Have been diagnosed	19.8	34.5
Hypertension	Have not been diagnosed	80.2	65.5
Lung Diseases	Have been diagnosed	2.6	3.2
Lung Diseases	Have not been diagnosed	97.4	96.8

Attribute	$χ^{2}$	P-value
Age	6805.60	0.000**
Race	4.37	0.358…
Gender	18.49	0.000**
Marital Status	358.03	0.000**
Education	545.27	0.000**
Income***	200.96	0.000**
Alcohol Consumption	214.89	0.000**
PhysicalExercise	182.68	0.000**
Hypertension	214.66	0.000**
LungDiseases	64.32	0.000**

Variable	Coefficient (β)	Hazard ratio (HR)	Conf. Interval 95% (CI)
Age	-0.068***	0.934	0.932	0.937
	(0.001)	(0.001)
Female	0.056**	1.058	1.006	1.111
	(0.025)	(0.027)
Divorced/ Separated/ Widow	-0.034	0.966	0.908	1.027
	(0.031)	(0.030)
Single	-0.088***	0.915	0.866	0.966
	(0.028)	(0.025)
Income	0.055***	1.057	1.022	1.093
	(0.017)	(0.018)
Fundamental to High School	0.197***	1.217	1.138	1.302
	(0.034)	(0.042)
University or more	0.300***	1.345	1.228	1.483
	(0.048)	(0.065)
Consume alcohol beverages	0.040	1.041	0.999	1.095
	(0.025)	(0.027)
Do not practice Physical exercise	-0.149***	0.863	0.816	0.908
	(0.027)	(0.023)
Do not have hypertension	-0.030	0.970	0.923	1.020
	(0.026)	(0.025)
Do not have pulmonary diseases	0.306***	1.360	1.195	1.546
	(0.066)	(0.090)
LR chi-squared	4701.20
Prob> chi2	0.0000

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[1] Collaborations

CM Vogt was responsible for the design, planning, database organization, estimations, analysis, interpretation, and writing of the article. A Fochezatto performed the conception, planning, analysis, and interpretation of the work. AM Alvim performed the analysis and interpretation, supervision, and writing of the work. All authors agreed to be accountable for the content of the work.