COVID-19 pandemic: dissatisfaction with work among teachers in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Silva, Rosângela Ramos Veloso; Barbosa, Rose Elizabeth Cabral; Silva, Nayra Suze Souza e; Pinho, Lucinéia de; Ferreira, Thalita Bahia; Moreira, Bethânia Borja; Brito, Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo; Haikal, Desirée Sant’Ana

doi:10.1590/1413-812320212612.10622021

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FREE THEMES • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 26 (12) • Dec 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320212612.10622021 copy

COVID-19 pandemic: dissatisfaction with work among teachers in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This article aimed to verify the prevalence and factors associated with dissatisfaction with teaching work among teachers from the state public basic education network in the state of Minas Gerais during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a websurvey, carried out with these teachers between August and September 2020 via digital form. The dependent variable was job satisfaction during the pandemic, with satisfied people being the reference category. Multinomial Logistic Regression was used. 15,641 teachers from 795 municipalities participated in the study. Regarding work satisfaction, 21.6% were satisfied, 44.7% were indifferent and 33.7% were unsatisfied. The chances of being unsatisfied were higher among those without a spouse (OR=1.23), longer teaching time (OR=1.19), difficulty with remote activities (OR=37.60), without possession of a computer (OR=1.40), smokers (OR=1.27), using alcoholic beverages (OR=1.54), sedentary (OR=1.22) and absent leisure activities (OR=1.49). The changes caused in the educational system in the face of the pandemic impacted the teacher’s routine, contributing to the dissatisfaction with the work of this professional.

Key words:
Faculty; Job satisfaction; Health surveys; Pandemics; COVID-19

Variables		n (%)	Satisfied	Indifferent	Unsatisfied	p*
Variables		n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	p*
Sociodemographic and Economic Profile
Gender
	Female	12,817 (81.9)	2,728 (21.3)	5,866 (45.8)	4,223 (32.9)	0.000
	Male	2,824 (18.1)	647 (22.9)	1,129 (40.0)	1,048 (37.1)
Age
	From 21 to 40 years old	6,447 (41.2)	1,321 (20.5)	2,900 (45.0)	2,226 (34.5)	0.000
	From 41 to 60 years old	8,793 (56.2)	1,937 (22.0)	3,922 (44.6)	2,934 (33.4)
	Over 60 years old	401 (2.6)	117 (29.2)	173 (43.1)	111 (27.7)
Census Area
	Urban	13,565 (86.7)	2,939 (21.7)	5,992 (44.2)	4,634 (34.2)	0.001
	Rural	2,076 (13.3)	436 (21.0)	1,002 (48.3)	637 (30.7)
Family Income
	From 1 to 2 salaries	3,969 (25.4)	86 (20.2)	176 (41.3)	164 (38.5)	0.000
	From 3 to 5 salaries	9,301 (59.5)	377 (19.4)	825 (42.4)	743 (38.2)
	From 6 to 9 salaries	1,945 (12.4)	1,956 (21.0)	4,191 (45.1)	3,154 (33.9)
	10 or more salaries	426 (2.7)	956 (24.1)	1,803 (45.4)	1,210 (30.5)
Change in Family Income
	Increased	304 (1.9)	68 (22.4)	124 (40.8)	112 (36.8)	0.000
	Kept equal	8,947 (57.2)	2,188 (24.5)	3,978 (44.5)	2,781 (31.1)
	Decreased	6,390 (40.9)	1,119 (17.5)	2,893 (45.3)	2,378 (37.2)
Other Paid Work
	No	10,269 (65.7)	2,200 (21.4)	4,661 (45.4)	3,408 (33.2)	0.001
	Yes, in another institution	3,815 (24.3)	874 (22.9)	1,669 (43.7)	1,272 (33.3)
	Yes, out of teaching	1,557 (10.0)	301 (19.3)	665 (42.7)	591 (38.0)
Marital Status
	With a spouse	10,453 (66.8)	2,293 (21.9)	4,716 (45.1)	3,444 (32.9)	0.016
	Without a spouse	5,188 (33.2)	1,082 (20.9)	2,279 (43.9)	1,827 (35.2)
Child(ren)
	Yes	11,350 (72.6)	2,439 (21.5)	5,157 (45.4)	3,754 (33.1)	0.008
	No	4,291 (27.4)	936 (21.8)	1,838 (42.8)	1,517 (35.4)
Occupational Profile
Teaching Years
	From 1 to 10 years	5,941 (38.0)	1,358 (22.9)	2,608 (43.9)	1,975 (33.2)	0.004
	From 11 to 20 years	5,788 (37.0)	1,240 (21.4)	2,633 (45.5)	1,915 (33.1)
	21 years or more	3,911 (25.0)	777 (19.9)	1,754 (44.8)	1,380 (35.3)
Weekly Hours of Teaching Work
	Up to 19 hours	3,613 (23.1)	813 (22.5)	1,587 (43.9)	1,214 (33.6)	0.003
	From 20 to 39 horas	9,554 (61.1)	2,058 (21.5)	4,349 (45.5)	3,147 (32.9)
	40 hours or more	2,472 (15.8)	504 (20.4)	1,058 (42.8)	910 (36.8)
Relationship with the School
	Public employee/Full-time worker	8,440 (54.0)	1,574 (18.6)	3,635 (43.1)	3,231 (38.3)	0.000
	Hired/Assigned	7,201 (46.0)	1,801 (25.0)	3,360 (46.7)	2,040 (28.3)
Have a post-graduate degree
	Master and/or doctor	692 (4.4)	112 (16.2)	251 (36.3)	329 (47.2)	0.000
	Specialization	11,115 (71.1)	2,522 (22.7)	5,041 (45.2)	3,552 (32.0)
	No	3,834 (24.5)	741 (19.3)	1,703 (44.4)	1,390 (36.3)
Remote Work During the Pandemic
	Yes	15,520 (99.2)	3,351 (21.6)	6,955 (44.8)	5,214 (33.6)	0.006
	No	121 (0.8)	24 (19.8)	40 (33.1)	57 (47.1)
Difficulties with Remote Activities
	No difficulty	1,472 (9.4)	768 (52.2)	510 (34.6)	194 (13.2)	0.000
	Few	4,184 (26.8)	1,313 (31.4)	2,122 (50.7)	749 (17.9)
	Moderate	6,777 (43.3)	1,108 (16.3)	3,435 (50.7)	2,234 (33.0)
	A lot	3,208 (20.5)	186 (5.8)	928 (28.9)	2,094 (65.3)
Have a computer
	Yes, personal use	7,757 (49.6)	1,926 (24.8)	3,412 (44.0)	2,419 (31.2)	0.000
	Yes, shared use	7,310 (46.7)	1,350 (18.5)	3,371 (46.1)	2,589 (35.4)
	No	574 (3.7)	99 (17.2)	212 (36.9)	264 (45.8)
Behaviors/Habits during the pandemic
Smoker
	No	14,123 (90.3)	3,082 (21.8)	6,382 (45.2)	4,659 (33.0)	0.000
	Former smoker	665 (4.2)	130 (19.5)	292 (43.9)	243 (36.5)
	Yes	853 (5.5)	163 (19.1)	321 (37.6)	369 (43.3)
Alcohol Consumption
	No	9,290 (59.4)	2,258 (24.3)	4,221 (45.4)	2,811 (30.3)	0.000
	Yes	6,351 (40.6)	1,117 (17.6)	2,774 (43.7)	2,460 (38.7)
Physical Activity Practice
	Yes	8,798 (56.2)	2,045 (23.2)	3,943 (44.8)	2,810 (31.9)	0.000
	No	6,843 (43.8)	1,330 (19.4)	3,052 (44.6)	2,461 (36.0)
Leisure Activity
	Increased	876 (5.6)	238 (27.2)	372 (42.5)	266 (30.4)	0.000
	Has not changed	3,005 (19.2)	920 (30.6)	1,345 (44.8)	740 (24.6)
	Decreased	5,033 (32.2)	1,031 (20.5)	2,184 (43.4)	1,818 (36.1)
	Not performing	6,727 (43.0)	1,186 (17.6)	3,094 (46.0)	2,447 (36.4)

Variables		Indifferent	p	Unsatisfied	p
Variables		OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p
Sociodemographic and Economic Profile
Gender
	Female	1		1
	Male	0.86 (0.76-0.96)	0.012	1.01 (0.89-1.15)	0.800
Age
	From 21 to 40 years old	1		1
	From 41 to 60 years old	0.80 (0.72-0.89)	0.000	0.77 (0.69-0.87)	0.000
	Over 60 years old	0.62 (0.47-0.81)	0.001	0.51 (0.37-0.70)	0.000
Census Area
	Urban	1		1
	Rural	1.18 (1.04-1.35)	0.009	1.02 (0.88-1.18)	0.773
Change in Family Income
	Increased	1		1
	Kept equal	1.01 (0.74-1.38)	0.938	0.76 (0.54-1.06)	0.115
	Decreased	1.41 (1.03-1.93)	0.032	1.24 (0.88-1.75)	0.202
Other Paid Work
	No	1		1
	Yes, in another institution	0.86 (0.78-0.95)	0.005	0.90 (0.80-1.01)	0.074
	Yes, other than teaching	1.06 (0.91-1.24)	0.420	1.17 (0.99-1.38)	0.065
Marital Status
	With a spouse	1		1
	Without a spouse	1.13 (1.02-1.24)	0.011	1.23 (1.11-1.37)	0.000
Occupational Profile
Teaching Years
	From 1 to 10 years	1		1
	From 11 to 20 years	1.16 (1.12-1.47)	0.005	1.04 (0.93-1.18)	0.440
	21 years or more	1.28 (1.04-1.29)	0.000	1.19 (1.02-1.39)	0.022
Relationship with the school
	Public employee/Full-time worker	1		1
	Hired/Assigned	0.83 (0.76-0.91)	0.000	0.59 (0.53-0.65)	0.000
Have a graduate degree
	Master and/or doctor	1		1
	Specialization	0.79 (0.62-1.01)	0.063	0.47 (0.36-0.60)	0.000
	No	0.93 (0.72-1.19)	0.581	0.62 (0.48-0.81)	0.000
Difficulties with Remote Activities
	No difficulty	1		1
	Few	2.24 (1.96-2.56)	0.000	2.03 (1.69-2.45)	0.000
	Moderate	4.19 (3.66-4.79)	0.000	7.00 (5.85-8.37)	0.000
	A lot	6.63 (5.36-7.95)	0.000	37.60 (30.07-47.01)	0.000
Have a computer
	Yes, personal use	1		1
	Yes, shared use	1.16 (1.06-1.27)	0.001	1.15 (1.04-1.28)	0.006
	No	0.97 (0.75-1.25)	0.835	1.40 (1.06-1.83)	0.015
Behaviors/Habits during the pandemic
Smoker
	No	1		1
	Former smoker	1.04 (0.83-1.30)	0.694	1.06 (0.83-1.35)	0.621
	Yes	0.90 (0.73-1.10)	0.325	1.27 (1.03-1.58)	0.026
Alcohol Consumption
	No	1		1
	Yes	1.29 (1.18-1.42)	0.000	1.54 (1.39-1.71)	0.000
Physical Activity Practice
	Yes	1		1
	No	1.12 (1.03-1.23)	0.007	1.22 (1.10-1.34)	0.000
Leisure Activity
	Increased	1		1
	Has not changed	0.97 (0.80-1.18)	0.787	0.76 (0.61-0.95)	0.018
	Decreased	1.21 (1.01-1.46)	0.043	1.33 (1.08-1.64)	0.008
	Not performing	1.47 (1.22-1.77)	0.000	1.49 (1.20-1.84)	0.000

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[1] Collaborations

RRV Silva contributed to the project conceptualization, data collection, data interpretation, writing and final review. REC Barbosa contributed to the project conceptualization, data collection, writing and final review. NSS Silva contributed to the project conceptualization, data collection and organization, statistical analysis, data interpretation, writing and final review of the article. L Pinho contributed to the project conceptualization, research data collection and final review of the article. TB Ferreira contributed to data interpretation and writing. BB Moreira contributed to data interpretation and writing. MFSF Brito contributed to the project conceptualization, data interpretation, writing and final review. DS Haikal contributed to the project conceptualization, data collection and organization, writing and final review of the article.