Psychometric investigation of the Attention to Body Shape Scale in Brazilian adults

Teixeira, Patrícia Angélica; Silva, Wanderson Roberto da; Campos, Lucas Arrais de; Marôco, João; Campos, Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini

doi:10.1590/1413-81232022274.01972021

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FREE THEMES • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 27 (04) • Apr 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022274.01972021 copy

Psychometric investigation of the Attention to Body Shape Scale in Brazilian adults

Investigação Psicométrica da Escala de Atenção à Forma Corporal em adultos brasileiros

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objectives of the study were to develop a Portuguese version of Attention to Body Shape Scale (ABS), estimate the psychometric properties of the ABS for Brazilian data, and compare the ABS scores between the sexes and the different sample characteristics. The Portuguese version was developed following a standardized protocol. The factorial and convergent validity were evaluated using goodness-of-fit parameters and average variance extracted. Composite reliability and ordinal coefficient alpha were calculated. The invariance of the fitted model was investigated across independent subsamples using multigroup analysis. The scores were compared between variables using two-way ANOVA. A total of 1,056 individuals (71% female) with a mean age of 26.1 (SD=6.4) years participated in the study. Item 3 was removed due to low factor loading. The refined model presented good psychometric properties for the data. Different characteristics contributed to greater attention to body shape. The Portuguese version of the ABS will be useful to investigate attention to body shape in Brazil. The validity and reliability of the data supported the adequacy of the refined model. Specific characteristics influenced attention to body shape, and therefore, should be considered in future protocols.

Key words:
Body image; Validation study; Attention; Scale; Psychometry

Item	Original English Version¹³13 Beebe DW. The attention to body shape scale: a new measure of body focus. J Pers Assess 1995; 65(3):486-501. Attention to Body Shape Scale (ABS)	Portuguese version Escala de Atenção à Forma Corporal
	Instructions: Please mark the degree to which you agree with each of the following statements. All of your responses will be held strictly confidential, so please be honest	Instruções: Por favor, marque o grau em que você concorda com cada uma das seguintes afirmações. Todas as suas respostas serão estritamente confidenciais, então, por favor, seja honesto.
1	I place a great deal of importance on my body shape	Eu dou muita importância à forma do meu corpo
2	I buy products that promise to give me a better body	Eu compro produtos que prometem me dar um corpo melhor
3	I am not self-conscious about my body shape	Eu sou consciente em relação à minha forma corporal
4	I am always trying to improve my body shape	Eu estou sempre tentando melhorar a minha forma corporal
5	I wear clothes that highlight the best aspects of my body and hide the worst aspects of my body	Eu uso roupas que destacam os melhores aspectos do meu corpo e que escondem os piores aspectos do meu corpo
6	It really bothers me when I can’t keep my body in shape	Fico realmente incomodado(a) quando não consigo manter o meu corpo em forma
7	I’m very attentive to my body shape	Eu sou muito atento à minha forma corporal

Characteristic		Total Sample (n=1,056)	Male Sample (n=304)	Female Sample (n=752)
Age (years)		26.06 ± 6.36	25.72 ± 6.27	26.12 ± 6.43
Body mass index (kg/m²)		24.3 ± 4.72	25.21 ± 5.04	23.99 ± 4.54
Substance use
	Never	603 (57.1)	177 (58.2)	426 (56.6)
	Once in lifetime	106 (10.1)	28 (9.2)	78 (10.4)
	Sometimes	296 (28.0)	82 (27.0)	214 (28.5)
	Often	51 (4.8)	17 (5.6)	34 (4.5)
Supplements use
	Never	497 (47.1)	117 (38.5)	380 (50.5)
	Once in lifetime	109 (10.3)	31 (10.2)	78 (10.4)
	Sometimes	324 (30.7)	108 (35.5)	216 (28.7)
	Often	126 (11.9)	48 (15.8)	78 (10.4)
Practice of physical activity
	Yes	624 (59.1)	96 (31.6)	336 (44.7)
	No	432 (40.9)	208 (68.4)	416 (55.3)
Weight loss diets
	Never	360 (34.1)	112 (36.9)	248 (33.0)
	Once in life	156 (14.8)	43 (14.1)	113 (15.0)
	Sometimes	463 (43.8)	134 (44.1)	329 (43.8)
	Often	77 (7.3)	15 (4.9)	62 (8.2)
Self-perceived quality of eating
	Poor	78 (7.4)	22 (7.2)	56 (7.4)
	Fair	272 (25.8)	66 (21.7)	206 (27.4)
	Normal	381 (36.0)	130 (42.8)	251 (33.4)
	Good	286 (27.1)	68 (22.4)	218 (29.0)
	Excellent	39 (3.7)	18 (5.9)	21 (2.8)
Economic Class (average household income)*
	A (R$ 20,888.00)	260 (24.6)	83 (27.3)	177 (23.5)
	B (R$ 7,053.00)	561 (53.1)	156 (51.3)	405 (53.9)
	C (R$ 2,165.00)	226 (21.4)	63 (20.7)	163 (21.7)
	D-E (R$ 768.00)	9 (0.9)	2 (0.7)	7 (0.9)

Item	Total Sample/Male Sample/Female Sample
Item	Mean	Median	Standard deviation	Skewness	Kurtosis	Minimum	Maximum
1	3.63/3,48/3.72	4.0/4.0/4.0	1.23/1.21/1.22	-0.48/-0.40/-0.56	-0.75/-0.73/-0.68	1/1/1	5/5/5
2	2.12/2.00/2.17	2.5/1.5/2.0	1.31/1.22/1.34	0.90/1.01/0.84	-0.40/-0.03/-0.54	1/1/1	5/5/5
3	4.07/4.04/4.09	4.0/4.0/5.0	1.12/1.09/1.14	-1.06/-1.06/-1.08	-0.30/0.50/0.27	1/1/1	5/5/5
4	3.38/3.30/3.44	3.0/3.0/4.0	1.39/1.37/1.40	-0.30/-0.26/-0.36	-1.18/-1.12/-1.19	1/1/1	5/5/5
5	3.41/2.83/3.65	4.0/3.0/4.0	1.46/1.46/1.40	-0.42/0.08/-0.68	-1.18/-1.35/-0.83	1/1/1	5/5/5
6	3.20/2.99/3.29	3.0/3.0/3.0	1.50/1.46/1.50	-0.16/0.18/-0.26	-1.39/-1.33/-1.38	1/1/1	5/5/5
7	3.25/3.20/3.29	3.0/3.0/3/0	1.36/1.36/1.36	-0.19/-0.21/-0.20	-1.12/-1.10/-1.12	1/1/1	5/5/5

Characteristic (F2)		Sex (F1)			Total		ANOVA*
Characteristic (F2)		Male	Female		Factor	F	p	η²_p
Weight loss diets
	Never	2.53±0.99	2.80±1.01	2.72±1.01^a	F1	16.58	<0.001	0.016
	Once in life/sometimes/often	3.23±0.91	3.49±0.89	3.41±0.90^b	F2	109.47	<0.001	0.094
	Total	2.97±1.00^A	3.26±0.98^B		F1 X F2	0.02	0.890	<0.001
Substance use
	Never	2.64±0.94^Aa	3.04±0.98^Ba	2.92±0.98	F1	16.46	<0.001	0.015
	Once in life/sometimes/often	3.42±0.90^Ab	3.55±0.91^Ab	3.51±0.91	F2	98.88	<0.001	0.086
	Total	2.97±1.00	3.26±0.98		F1 X F2	4.40	0.036	0.004
Supplement use
	Never	2.43±0.90^Aa	2.99±0.98^Ba	2.86±0.99	F1	37.74	<0.001	0.035
	Once in life/sometimes/often	3.30±0.91^Ab	3.54±0.91^Bb	3.46±0.91	F2	120.58	<0.001	0.103
	Total	2.97±1.00	3.26±0.98		F1 X F2	6.68	0.010	0.006
Economic Class
	Low	2.76±1.03	3.11±1.05	3.01±1.05^a	F1	14.94	<0.001	0.014
	High	3.02±0.98	3.31±0.96	3.22±0.97^b	F2	7.99	0.005	0.008
	Total	2.97±1.00^A	3.26±0.98^B		F1 X F2	0.14	0.707	<0.001
Self-perceived quality of eating
	Poor/fair	2.75±0.89	3.19±0.98	3.08±0.98^a	F1	22.06	<0.001	0.021
	Normal/good/excellent	3.06±1.03	3.30±0.98	3.23±1.00^b	F2	8.43	0.004	0.008
	Total	2.97±1.00^A	3.26±0.98^B		F1 X F2	1.84	0.175	0.002
Age
	Younger	3.00±0.98	3.25±0.98	3.18±0.98	F1	19.38	<0.001	0.018
	Older	2.85±1.05	3.29±1.00	3.17±1.03	F2	0.56	0.456	0.001
	Total	2.97±1.00^A	3.26±0.98^B		F1 X F2	1.56	0.212	0.001
Practice of physical activity
	No	2.42±0.93	2.93±0.97	2.81±0.98^a	F1	37.43	<0.001	0.034
	Yes	3.22±0.92	3.53±0.91	3.43±0.92^b	F2	111.65	<0.001	0.096
	Total	2.97±1.00^A	3.26±0.98^B		F1 X F2	2.19	0.139	0.002
Nutritional status
	Eutrophic	2.99±0.98	3.26±0.99	3.19±0.99	F1	21.70	<0.001	0.021
	Overweight/obesity	2.99±1.00	3.38±0.96	3.24±0.99	F2	0.73	0.393	0.001
	Total	2.99±0.99^A	3.30±0.98^B		F1 X F2	0.69	0.408	0.001

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[1] Collaborations

PA Teixeira worked from the conception of the study to the final writing of it. WR Silva collaborated with the research both in the data collection and in the methodology, as well as in the review of the study. LA Campos worked with data collection, in addition performed some necessary analyzes. J Marôco collaborated with support in the programs used and the study methodology, as well as in the final review. JADB Campos worked supervising each stage of the research, thoroughly reviewing the study.