Covid-19 Fiocruz Observatory - an analysis of the evolution of the pandemic from February 2020 to April 2022

Freitas, Carlos Machado de; Barcellos, Christovam; Villela, Daniel Antunes Maciel; Portela, Margareth Crisóstomo; Reis, Lenice Costa; Guimarães, Raphael Mendonça; Xavier, Diego Ricardo; Saldanha, Raphael de Freitas; Mefano, Isadora Vida

doi:10.1590/1413-812320232810.10412023EN

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ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 28 (10) • Oct 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320232810.10412023EN copy

Covid-19 Fiocruz Observatory - an analysis of the evolution of the pandemic from February 2020 to April 2022

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the living and working conditions of the entire population of Brazil, having a different and more intense effect on groups considered to be vulnerable. The objective of this article is to present an overview of the evolution of the pandemic in the country according to the bulletins of the Covid-19 Fiocruz Observatory in the period between the declarations of the beginning and end of the Public Health Emergency of National Concern (ESPIN, in Portuguese), February 2020 to April 2022. Several of the indicators adopted in the 69 bulletins published for the analysis of the pandemic were used, such as cases and deaths due to SARIs and COVID-19, age groups, % of occupancy of ICU beds, and vaccination, among others. The evolution analysis was organized between years and phases of the pandemic, seeking to highlight what characterized each moment. The closing statement of ESPIN in Brazil coincides with the discussions on the transition from a pandemic to an endemic scenario, without this representing the elimination of the virus, infections, and disease, posing the challenges of advances in vaccination processes in Brazil and around the world, as well as living with scenarios that may require the adoption of temporary protection measures in epidemic periods and periods of greater risk for vulnerable groups.

Key words:
COVID-19; Pandemic; Public Health Emergency; SARS-CoV-2

Dimension of the indicators and the pandemic	Examples of data and indicators	Healthcare sector policies and actions to reduce risks
Exposure	Homestay index (IPD)	- Reduce exposure of people and spread of the virus through non-pharmacological measures	Social policies and actions Identification of situations of social vulnerability Social support for vulnerable groups
Infection	Testing data	- Reduce infection of people through vaccines - Health surveillance to reduce the circulation of infected people, with increased testing, active search and isolation of suspected cases, and monitoring and quarantine of contacts
Illness	Case notification	- Identification of risk groups by Family Health Strategy professionals and reduction of vulnerability due to comorbidities by continuing treatments
Disease	Hospitalization in infirmaries and ICUs	- Measures to adapt the supply of beds, supplies for treatment, number of health professionals, and working conditions for the safety of patients and workers
Death	Death certificate	- Social support measures for families with greater social vulnerability and psychosocial and mental health support

ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva Av. Brasil, 4036 - sala 700 Manguinhos, 21040-361 Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazil, Tel.: +55 21 3882-9153 / 3882-9151 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: cienciasaudecoletiva@fiocruz.br

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[1] Collaborations

This article is the result of the collective work of the authors at the COVID-19 Fiocruz Observatory. CM Freitas was responsible for the design and structure of the article. All others participated in writing the document, analyzing and interpreting the data, and approving the final version for publication.