Some aspects about the spatial dependence index for variability of soil attributes

Santos, Eduardo Lucas Ensslin dos; Seidel, Enio Júnior; Pazini, Juliano de Bastos; Oliveira, Marcelo Silva de; Appel Neto, Edemar; Barbosa, Ismael Canabarro

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20170710

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SOIL SCIENCE • Cienc. Rural 48 (6) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20170710 copy

Some aspects about the spatial dependence index for variability of soil attributes

Alguns aspectos sobre o índice de dependência espacial para variabilidade de atributos do solo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

The main purpose of this article was to evaluate the behavior and relationship of the range and components of SDI (Spatial Dependence Index) in general and in function of field factors such as soil types, type of attribute and soil layers. This evaluation was based on real data collected in national journals. It was noticed that the parameter range, in general and for different field factors, presented asymmetric positive behavior. The components of the SDI showed approximately symmetrical behavior. The SDI can capture the range behavior more intensely (the spatial variability behavior in the horizontal direction of the semivariogram), and, in a less intense way, the behavior of the contribution and sill parameters (the spatial dependence behavior in the vertical direction of the semivariogram). Thus, the SDI describes the behavior of spatial dependence of the total set of aspects of the semivariogram.

Key words:
spatial dependence; geostatistics; semivariogram; field factors

Authorship

Eduardo Lucas Ensslin dos Santos

Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105.900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrazilSanta Maria, RS, BrazilDepartamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105.900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-4472

Enio Júnior Seidel ^*E-mail: enioseidel@gmail.com. *Corresponding author.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9656-0699

Juliano de Bastos Pazini

Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de PelotasBrazilCapão do Leão, RS, BrazilDepartamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4350-1708

Marcelo Silva de Oliveira

Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de LavrasBrazilLavras, MG, BrazilDepartamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-7195

Edemar Appel Neto

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-7535

Ismael Canabarro Barbosa

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9093-0305

E-mail: enioseidel@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author.

DECLARATION OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (2)

Thumbnail

Table 1
Descriptive measures of the range (m),

\frac{a}{0.5 M D}

…(#) and

\frac{C_{1}}{C_{0} + C_{1}}

… ($), in general and in different semivariogram models, soil types, type of attribute and soil layers.

Thumbnail

Table 2
Correlations (Spearman) between SDI, range (m),

\frac{a}{0.5 M D}

…(#) and

\frac{C_{1}}{C_{0} + C_{1}}

… ($), in general and in different semivariogram models, soil types, type of attribute and soil layers.

Table 1 Descriptive measures of the range (m), $\frac{a}{0.5 M D}$ …(#) and $\frac{C_{1}}{C_{0} + C_{1}}$ … ($), in general and in different semivariogram models, soil types, type of attribute and soil layers.

Situation	Measure	Minimum	Median	Maximum	Mean(SD¹	CA²
	Range (m)	8.00	39.00	399.00	54.61(50.80	2.12
General (n=500)	#	0.03	0.51	1.00	0.56(0.29	0.19
	$	0.20	0.67	1.00	0.67(0.20	0.09
	Range (m)	8.80	27.60	248.70	46.22(47.13	2.37
Exponential model (n=123)	#	0.03	0.47	1.00	0.54(0.28	0.31
	$	0.34	0.69	1.00	0.70(0.17	0.17
	Range (m)	10.00	20.48	240.00	41.98(42.11	1.99
Gaussian model (n=102)	#	0.08	0.33	1.00	0.44(0.32	0.63
	$	0.21	0.76	1.00	0.73(0.21	-0.34
	Range (m)	8.00	47.60	399.00	63.05(53.82	2.05
Spherical model (n=275)	#	0.07	0.60	1.00	0.62(0.27	0.15
	$	0.20	0.62	1.00	0.64(0.20	0.26
	Range (m)	8.00	18.90	399.00	40.73(53.40	3.43
Oxisol soil (n=171)	#	0.03	0.36	1.00	0.46(0.32	0.47
	$	0.25	0.70	1.00	0.71(0.20	-0.01
	Range (m)	12.90	48.69	248.70	64.39(50.06	1.50
Ultisol soil (n=260)	#	0.20	0.57	1.00	0.62(0.26	0.28
	$	0.20	0.63	1.00	0.63(0.19	0.20
	Range (m)	8.80	48.30	188.40	52.19(37.60	1.07
Other soils (n=69)	#	0.18	0.55	1.00	0.60(0.27	0.28
	$	0.25	0.71	1.00	0.73(0.19	-0.05
	Range (m)	8.10	34.74	295.20	51.35(47.46	2.03
Surface soil layer^** (n=342)	#	0.03	0.50	1.00	0.55(0.28	0.27
	$	0.20	0.67	1.00	0.66(0.20	0.06
	Range (m)	8.00	43.45	399.00	61.69(56.92	2.14
Bottom soil layer^*** (n=158)	#	0.03	0.54	1.00	0.59(0.31	0.01
	$	0.20	0.66	1.00	0.69(0.20	0.14
	Range (m)	8.00	40.00	399.00	59.49(60.07	2.06
Chemical atribute (n=206)	#	0.03	0.47	1.00	0.51(0.33	0.22
	$	0.20	0.63	1.00	0.65(0.20	0.06
	Range (m)	8.80	38.00	295.20	54.02(45.77	1.62
Physical atribute (n=249)	#	0.18	0.56	1.00	0.60(0.26	0.33
	$	0.20	0.67	1.00	0.68(0.21	0.12
	Range (m)	16.60	30.50	70.15	35.58(13.30	0.69
Mineralogical atribute (n=45)	#	0.23	0.43	1.00	0.56(0.26	0.62
	$	0.36	0.68	1.00	0.69(0.13	0.13

¹
Standard deviation. ²Coefficient of asymmetry. ^**Surface soil layer (0-0.1, 0-0.15, 0-0.2 m). ^***Bottom soil layer (0.1-0.2, 0.15-0.3, 0.2-0.3, 0.2-0.4, 0.3-0.4, 0.4-0.6 m). n=number of model adjustments to semivariogram (in distinct soil attributes).

Table 2 Correlations (Spearman) between SDI, range (m), $\frac{a}{0.5 M D}$ …(#) and $\frac{C_{1}}{C_{0} + C_{1}}$ … ($), in general and in different semivariogram models, soil types, type of attribute and soil layers.

Situation	Measure	SDI	Range (m)	#
	Range (m)	0.5606^*
General (n=500)	#	0.8327^*	0.7841^*
	$	0.2582^*	-0.3416^*	-0.2235^*
	Range (m)	0.5890^*
Exponential model (n=123)	#	0.8925^*	0.7456^*
	$	0.2542^*	-0.2616^*	-0.1625^ns
	Range (m)	0.6296^*
Gaussian model (n=102)	#	0.9177^*	0.7628^*
	$	-0.0879^ns	-0.5052^*	-0.4235^*
	Range (m)	0.5637^*
Spherical model (n=275)	#	0.8229^*	0.7915^*
	$	0.4906^*	-0.1740^*	-0.0491^ns
	Range (m)	0.6198^*
Oxisol soil (n=171)	#	0.8872^*	0.7923^*
	$	-0.0689^ns	-0.4564^*	-0.4371^*
	Range (m)	0.4276^*
Ultisol soil (n=260)	#	0.8237^*	0.6772^*
	$	0.5415^*	-0.2415^*	0.0256^ns
	Range (m)	0.7465^*
Other soils (n=69)	#	0.7816^*	0.8748_*
	$	0.3971^*	-0.0842^ns	-0.1063^ns
	Range (m)	0.5277^*
Surface soil layer^** (n=342)	#	0.8203^*	0.7670^*
	$	0.2479^*	-0.3519^*	-0.2464^*
	Range (m)	0.6172^*
Bottom soil layer^*** (n=158)	#	0.8430^*	0.8084^*
	$	0.2825^*	-0.3262^*	-0.1795^*
	Range (m)	0.5348^*
Chemical attribute (n=206)	#	0.8763^*	0.7662^*
	$	0.1074^ns	-0.4745^*	-0.3047^*
	Range (m)	0.5932^*
Physical attribute (n=249)	#	0.7729^*	0.8043^*
	$	0.3956^*	-0.2024^*	-0.1792^*
	Range (m)	0.8976^*
Mineralogical attribute (n=45)	#	0.9211^*	0.9766^*
	$	-0.0582^ns	-0.3675^*	-0.3222^*

^*
Significant Spearman correlation (p<0.05). ^nsNon-significant Spearman correlation. ^**Surface soil layer (0-0.1, 0-0.15, 0-0.2 m). ^***Bottom soil layer (0.1-0.2, 0.15-0.3, 0.2-0.3, 0.2-0.4, 0.3-0.4, 0.4-0.6 m). n=number of model adjustments to semivariogram (in distinct soil attributes).

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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: enioseidel@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author.