Profile of veterinary acupuncturists in Brazil

Medeiros, Magda Alves de; Scognamillo-Szabó, Márcia Valéria Rizzo

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20230389

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CLINIC AND SURGERY • Cienc. Rural 54 (8) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20230389 copy

Profile of veterinary acupuncturists in Brazil

Perfil do acupunturista veterinário no Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Veterinary acupuncture is a complementary and alternative medicine practiced widely in Brazil and is recognized as a specialty by the Federal Council of Veterinary Medicine. However, despite the growing interest of professionals for training and of clients for care, there are no studies on the socioeconomic profile of these veterinary acupuncturists in Brazil. The present survey received 295 (complete) replies, the majority of the respondents were 40 years old or less, female (87%) and were from the southeastern region of Brazil. Furthermore, 57% of respondents were at the beginning of their acupuncture careers with less than 5 years of practice. Most respondents chose to be an acupuncturist for personal satisfaction and perceived effectiveness of acupuncture. Experienced acupuncturists received better financial rewards and were more satisfied with their earnings and valued by their clients. Most respondents believe that acupuncture has scientific evidence through experimental and clinical studies. The socioeconomic profile of veterinary acupuncturists is essential to elaborate future action plans and help improve the quality of veterinary professionals.

Key words:
acupuncture; carreer; socioeconomic profile; veterinary specialist

Authorship

Magda Alves de Medeiros ^*E-mail: magda.medeiros@gmail.com. *Corresponding author.

conceptualization

methodology

investigation

visualization

writing - original draft

writing - review and editing

Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências da Biológicas e da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ)BrasilSeropédica, RJ, BrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências da Biológicas e da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7902-419X

Márcia Valéria Rizzo Scognamillo-Szabó

conceptualization

investigation

writing - review and editing

Clínica Spécialité, Uberlandia, MG, Brasil.Clínica SpécialitéBrasilUberlandia, MG, BrasilClínica Spécialité, Uberlandia, MG, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-5217

E-mail: magda.medeiros@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author.

Editors: Rudi Weiblen (0000-0002-1737-9817) Rudiger Ollhoff (0000-0002-7972-9472)

DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST

We have no conflict of interest to declare.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Clínica Spécialité, Uberlandia, MG, Brasil.Clínica SpécialitéBrasilUberlandia, MG, BrasilClínica Spécialité, Uberlandia, MG, Brasil.

Figures | Tables

Figures (2)
Tables (8)

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Figure 1
Year of conclusion of the specialization course in acupuncture. Pie chart shows in percentage the year where the respondents completed their specialization in veterinary acupuncture.

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Figure 2
Sources of professional update. Pie chart shows in percentage the main sources of professional update of the respondents.

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Table 1
The table shows the distribution, by age and gender, of the veterinary acupunturist in Brazil.

Thumbnail

Table 2
The table shows the distribution of the type Veterinary School (public (federal or state) or private) and education status as a Vet (undergraduate, specialization, master, doctorate, and postdoctoral) of the veterinary acupunturist in Brazil.

Thumbnail

Table 3
The table shows the main reasons that led veterinary acupuncturists in Brazil to choose to be an acupuncturist.

Thumbnail

Table 4
The table shows the distribution, by state and region of Brazil, of professional practice of the veterinary acupunturist in Brazil.

Thumbnail

Table 5
The table shows the distribution of monthly income from acupuncture work in US dolar of the veterinary acupunturist in Brazil. Minimum wage in Brazil was R$1045 or US$195 in 08/09/2020).

Thumbnail

Table 6
The table shows the distribution of veterinary acupunturists in Brazil who feel less, equally or more valued than vets from other specialties by their clients and by their veterinary colleagues.

Thumbnail

Table 7
The table shows the importance of scientific evidence of acupuncture efficacy for veterinary acupuncturists in Brazil and for the clients.

Thumbnail

Table 8
Correlation for study variables.

Figure 1 Year of conclusion of the specialization course in acupuncture. Pie chart shows in percentage the year where the respondents completed their specialization in veterinary acupuncture.

Figure 2 Sources of professional update. Pie chart shows in percentage the main sources of professional update of the respondents.

Table 1 The table shows the distribution, by age and gender, of the veterinary acupunturist in Brazil.

Age (years)	Female (%)	Male (%)	%
21 to 30	14.2	1.4	15.6
31 to 40	36.6	5.1	41.7
41 to 50	25.4	3.0	28.5
51 to 60	9.5	3.4	12.9
61 to 70	1.4	0.00	1.4
Total	87.1	12.9	100.00

Table 2 The table shows the distribution of the type Veterinary School (public (federal or state) or private) and education status as a Vet (undergraduate, specialization, master, doctorate, and postdoctoral) of the veterinary acupunturist in Brazil.

Higher education status	--------------------In which category did you graduate in veterinary medicine?---------------------
	Private (%)	State Public (%)	Federal Public (%)	Total (%)
Graduate	4.7	0.3	2.0	7.0
Vet Specialist	41.4	12.2	17.6	71.2
Master’s Degree (Msc)	4.1	3.7	3.7	11.5
Doctorate Degree (PhD)	2.0	3.4	3.4	8.8
Post-Doctorate	0.7	0.3	0.3	1.4
Total (%)	52.9	19.9	27	100.0

Table 3 The table shows the main reasons that led veterinary acupuncturists in Brazil to choose to be an acupuncturist.

Why did you chose to be an acupuncturist?	%
Personal satisfaction	75.9
Perception of The High Effectiveness Of Acupuncture	73.2
Affinity With The TCM Philosophy	70.5
Disappointment With Allopathy	17.6
Best Financial Return	8.1
Other	8.5

Table 4 The table shows the distribution, by state and region of Brazil, of professional practice of the veterinary acupunturist in Brazil.

	State	n	%	Region	%
Southeast	São Paulo	140	47.5	215	72.9
	Rio de Janeiro	50	16.9
	Minas Gerais	23	7.8
	Espirito Santo	2	0.7
North East	Bahia	5	1.7	7	2.4
	Paraiba	1	0.3
	Rio Grande do Norte	1	0.3
Midwest	Tocantins	2	0.7	9	3.1
	Distrito Federal	3	1.0
	Goias	3	1.0
	Mato Grosso	1	0.3
South	Paraná	17	5.8	34	11.5
	Santa Catarina	2	0.7
	Rio Grande do Sul	15	5.1
North	Roraima	3	1.0	3	1.0
North	Brazil (no specific state)	22	7.5

Table 5 The table shows the distribution of monthly income from acupuncture work in US dolar of the veterinary acupunturist in Brazil. Minimum wage in Brazil was R$1045 or US$195 in 08/09/2020).

----------------------------------------Wages from acupuncture work---------------------------------------		No.	n	%
Up to 3	Up to 1 minimum wage (US$195)	85	152	52.5
	Up to 2 minimum wages (US$390)	32
	Up to 3 minimum wages (US$585)	35
4 to 6	Up to 4 minimum wages (US$780)	30	65	22.0
	Up to 5 minimum wages (US$975)	21
	Up to 6 minimum wages (US$1170)	14
7 to 9	Up to 7 minimum wages (US$1365)	17	41	13.9
	Up to 8 minimum wages (US$1560)	20
	Up to 9 minimum wages (US$1755)	4
>10	Up to 10 minimum wages (US$1950)	16	37	12.5
	More than 10 minimum wages (US$1950)	21

Table 6 The table shows the distribution of veterinary acupunturists in Brazil who feel less, equally or more valued than vets from other specialties by their clients and by their veterinary colleagues.

----------------------------------------------------------------------By other vets------------------------------------------------------------------------------
		less valued than other specialties	as valued as other specialties	more valued than other specialties	Total
By clients	less valued than other specialties	20.68%	3.39%	0.34%	24.4%
	as valued as other specialties	28.47%	31.19%	0.68%	60.3%
	more valued than other specialties	5.08%	7.46%	2.67%	14.9%
	Total	54.58%	42.03%	3.39%	100%

Table 7 The table shows the importance of scientific evidence of acupuncture efficacy for veterinary acupuncturists in Brazil and for the clients.

----------------------------------------------------------------------Vet Acupuncturists-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Clients		it does not matter	has some importance	it is very important	Total
	it does not matter	2.4%	9.9%	6.8%	19.0%
	has some importance	3.0%	28.9%	26.8%	58.8%
	it is very important	0.3%	8.6%	13.2%	22.1%
		5.7%	47.4%	46.8%	100.00%

Table 8 Correlation for study variables.

Variables	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1. Time of acupuncture practice	1
2. Number of sessions per week	0.350^**	1
3. Percentage of earnings in acupuncture	0.203^**	0.536^**	1
4. Average income from acupuncture	0.411^**	0.756^**	0.605^**	1
5. Satisfaction with the income	0.212^**	0.409^**	0.331^**	0.481^**	1
6. Feel valued by other vets	0.024	0.07	-0.038	0.141^*	0.266^**	1
7. Feel valued by clients	0.124^*	0.106	0.128^*	0.174^**	0.273^**	0.376^**	1
8. Age	0.442^**	0.019	-0.014	0.114^*	0.054	0.123^*	0.153^**	1

Spearman correlation between the variables: time of acupuncture practice, number of sessions per week, percentage of earnings in acupuncture, average income from acupuncture, satisfaction with the income, feel valued by other vets, feel valued by clients ad age. ^**Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level. ^*The correlation is significant at the 0.05 level.

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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: magda.medeiros@gmail.com. ^*Corresponding author.