Filmes poliméricos à base de gelatina para aplicações em embalagens de alimentos: uma visão geral sobre avanços, desafios e perspectivas

Rigueto, Cesar Vinicius Toniciolli; Rosseto, Marieli; Loss, Raquel Aparecida; Richards, Neila Silvia Pereira dos Santos; Dettmer, Aline; Pizzutti, Ionara Regina

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Brasil

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Sumário

FOOD TECHNOLOGY • Cienc. Rural 53 (2) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210679 copiar

Filmes poliméricos à base de gelatina para aplicações em embalagens de alimentos: uma visão geral sobre avanços, desafios e perspectivas

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO:

Este estudo objetivou realizar uma análise bibliométrica e revisão de literatura acerca da produção de filmes à base de gelatina para aplicação como embalagens alimentícias, abordando os principais avanços e limitações. A busca de artigos foi realizada na base de dados da Scopus e os dados bibliométricos obtidos pela ferramenta Bibliometrix (RStudio software). Verificou-se uma grande variedade de compostos que podem ser incorporados nos filmes de gelatina, a fim de superar suas limitações relacionadas à alta solubilidade e baixas propriedades mecânicas, bem como para obtenção de funções ativas ou inteligentes. Dentre os compostos mais reportados, têm-se: óleos essenciais, pigmentos extraídos de vegetais e outros agentes antimicrobianos. Os alimentos mais reportados como matriz de aplicação foram: carnes (peixe, frango e camarão), leite, queijo e frutas, minimamente processadas. Mesmo com tendências promissoras, o maior desafio no âmbito das aplicações reais em larga escala é a obtenção de biopolímeros facilmente degradáveis, com estabilidade estrutural e funcional similar aos polímeros sintéticos. Dessa forma, o maior enfoque dessa temática em pesquisas poderá favorecer avanços significativos para o uso dessas embalagens, impactando positivamente diversos dos Objetivos para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, preconizados pela Organização das Nações Unidas.

Palavras-chave:
biopolímero; embalagens biodegradáveis; sustentabilidade; conservação

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: cesartoniciolli@gmail.com.^*Corresponding author

Active packaging	Performed or suggested applications	Reference
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Gelatin and agar-based film integrated with clove essential oil stabilized with nanocellulose	No application in specific foods	ROY & RHIM (2021ROY, S.; RHIM, J. W. Gelatin/agar-based functional film integrated with Pickering emulsion of clove essential oil stabilized with nanocellulose for active packaging applications. Colloids and Surfaces A, v.627, p.127220, 2021. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127220 >. Accessed: Oct. 25, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.... )
Gelatin and chitosan-based films with the addition of soy straw nanocellulose and Pitanga extract (Eugenia uniflora L.)	No application in specific foods	TESSARO et al. (2021TESSARO, L. et al. Gelatin/chitosan-based films loaded with nanocellulose from soybean straw and activated with “Pitanga” (Eugenia uniflora L.) leaf hydroethanolic extract in W/O/W emulsion. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, v.186, p.328-340, 2021. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.039 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.... )
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Fish gelatin films with pomegranate skin	No application in specific foods	HANANI et al. (2019HANANI, Z. N. et al. Effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel powder on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of fish gelatin films as active packaging. Food Hydrocolloids, v.89, p.253-259, 2019. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.10.007 >. Accessed: Oct. 01, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.10.007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.1... )
Gelatin and cassava starch films with curcumin incorporation	Sausages	TOSATI et al. (2018TOSATI, J. V. et al. Light-activated antimicrobial activity of turmeric residue edible coatings against cross-contamination of Listeria innocuaon sausages. Food Control, v.84, p.177-185 2018. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.07.026 >. Accessed: Oct. 21, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.07.026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.... )
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Chitosan and gelatin films containing Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil, pomegranate peel extract, and cellulose nanoparticles	Peeled shrimp	MOHEBI & SHAHBAZI (2017MOHEBI, E.; SHAHBAZI, Y. Application of chitosan and gelatin based active packaging films for peeled shrimp preservation: A novel functional wrapping design. LWT, v.76, p.108-116, 2017. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.10.062 >. Accessed: Oct. 15, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.10.062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.10.06... )
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Smart packaging	Performed or suggested applications	Reference
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Hydrogel made from poly (gelatin-co-dimethyl acrylamide) with added citric acid and red apple peel extract	Pasteurized milk and cheese	ALPASLAN et al. (2021ALPASLAN, D. et al. Synthesis of smart food packaging from poly (gelatin-co-dimethyl acrylamide)/citric acid-red apple peel extract. Soft Materials, v.19, n.1, p.64-77, 2021. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/1539445X.2020.1765802 >. Accessed: Oct. 03, 2021. doi: 10.1080/1539445X.2020.1765802. https://doi.org/10.1080/1539445X.2020.17... )
Bio-amine responsive films based on starch/glycerol/gelatin enriched with colored potato (Black King Kong) anthocyanin	Pork freshness	NIU et al. (2021NIU, X. et al. Design and characterization of bio-amine responsive films enriched with colored potato (Black King Kong) anthocyanin for visual detecting pork freshness in cold storage. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, p.1-10, 2021. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-021-01040-3 >. Accessed: Oct. 19, 2021. doi: 10.1007/s11694-021-01040-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-021-01040... )
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Gelatin films with addition of anthocyanin from butterfly pea extract	No application in specific foods	RAWDKUEN et al. (2020RAWDKUEN, S. et al. Application of anthocyanin as a color indicator in gelatin films. Food Bioscience, v.36, p.100603, 2020. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100603 >. Accessed: Oct. 24, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2020.1006... )
Hydrogel containing poly (dimethyl acrylamide), gelatin and pomegranate extract (Punica granatum)	Whole milk and cheese	ALPASLAN et al. (2020ALPASLAN, D. et al. Synthesis and preparation of responsive poly (Dimethyl acrylamide/gelatin and pomegranate extract) as a novel food packaging material. Materials Science and Engineering: C, v.108, p.110339, 2020. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.110339 >. Accessed: Oct. 02, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.1103... )
Gelatin-carrageenan-based film integrated with shikonin and propolis	Milk	ROY & RHIM (2020ROY, S.; RHIM, J. W. et al. Preparation of Gelatin/Carrageenan-Based Color-Indicator Film Integrated with Shikonin and Propolis for Smart Food Packaging Applications. ACS Applied Bio Materials, v.4, n.1, p.770-779, 2020. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.0c01353 >. Accessed: Oct. 22, 2021. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01353. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.0c01353... )
Gelatin/oxidized chitin nanocrystals nanocomposite films containing black rice bran anthocyanins	Fish	GE et al. (2020GE, Y. et al. Intelligent gelatin/oxidized chitin nanocrystals nanocomposite films containing black rice bran anthocyanins for fish freshness monitorings. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, v.155, p.1296-1306, 2020. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.101 >. Accessed: Oct. 14, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.... )
Alginate/starch/gelatin composite films with addition of red cabbage extract	Sheep meat	ALVES et al. (2021ALVES, R. N. et al. Biodegradable films with Brassica Oleracea Capitata extract as a quality indicator in sheep meat. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, v.45, n.1, p.e14997, 2021. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.14997 >. Accessed: Oct. 03, 2021. doi: 10.1111/jfpp.14997. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.14997... )
Composite films from starch, gelatin, glycerol, acetic acid, and curcumin	No application in specific foods	NGUYET & NGUYEN (2020NGUYET, L. T. B.; NGUYEN, V.T. Smart Starch-Gelatin Films Incorporated with Curcumin. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, v.36, n.6, p.1088-1095, 2020. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.13005/ojc/360610 >. Accessed: Oct. 19, 2021. doi: 10.13005/ojc/360610. https://doi.org/10.13005/ojc/360610... )
Permeable edible film based on ĸ-carrageenan, gelatin, and curcumin	Grass carp fillets	HE et al. (2020HE, F. et al. Developing a unidirectionally permeable edible film based on ĸ-carrageenan and gelatin for visually detecting the freshness of grass carp fillets. Carbohydrate Polymers, v.241, p.116336, 2020. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116336 >. Accessed: Oct. 1, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.1... )
Gelatin and starch film containing red radish extract (Raphanus sativus L.)	Chicken and Shrimp Meat	CHAYAVANICH et al. (2020CHAYAVANICH, K. et al. Biocompatible film sensors containing red radish extract for meat spoilage observation. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, v.226, p.117601, 2020. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2019.117601 >. Accessed: Oct. 05, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2019.11760... )
Gelatin film with red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) extract	No application in specific foods	MUSSO et al. (2019MUSSO, Y. S. et al. Smart gelatin films prepared using red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) extracts as solvent. Food Hydrocolloids, v.89, p.674-681, 2019. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.11.036 >. Accessed: Oct. 09, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.11.036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.1... )
Gelatin film with addition of aqueous hibiscus extract	No application in specific foods	PERALTA et al. (2019PERALTA, J. et al. Aqueous hibiscus extract as a potential natural pH indicator incorporated in natural polymeric films. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, v.19, p.47-55, 2019. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.11.017 >. Accessed: Oct. 03, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.11.017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.11.0... )
Films based on starch/gelatin nanoparticles	Peeled and sliced apples	TAO et al. (2018TAO, F. et al. Preparation and physicochemistry properties of smart edible films based on gelatin-starch nanoparticles. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, v.98, n.14, p.5470-5478, 2018. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9091 >. Accessed: Oct. 23, 2021. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9091. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9091... )
Gelatin film containing acid-base indicators	No application in specific foods	MUSSO et al. (2016MUSSO, Y. S. et al. Gelatin based films capable of modifying its color against environmental pH changes. Food Hydrocolloids, v.61, p.523-530, 2016. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.06.013 >. Accessed: Oct. 02, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.06.013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.0... )