Productivity and antioxidant activity of mung bean sprouts (<i>Vigna radiata</i> L.) mediated by some elicitors

Duarte, Marcelo; Silva, Verônica Letícia da; Pacheco, Ana Claúdia; Machado Neto, Nelson Barbosa; Custódio, Ceci Castilho

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20210797

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FOOD TECHNOLOGY • Cienc. Rural 53 (02) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210797 copy

Productivity and antioxidant activity of mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiata L.) mediated by some elicitors

Produtividade e atividade antioxidante de brotos de feijão (Vigna radiata L.) mediada por alguns elicitores

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

The production of bioactive food is one of the goals of agriculture. Sprouts used for human consumption are an efficient way to increase the intake of essential nutrients, such as minerals, vitamins, and other bioactive compounds. The use of elicitors can increase the nutritional value of these products. Biomass production, phenolic compound content, and antioxidant activity of mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiata L.) after elicitation were examined in this study. Mung bean sprouts were treated with salicylic acid (SA), ascorbic acid (AA), and tocopherol (TOC) at different concentrations and numbers of applications. Shoot and root lengths and dry mass were measured on five-day-old sprouts. Total phenol content and antioxidant activity were determined using the DPPH assay on dried ethanolic extracts. Total soluble protein content and superoxide dismutase activity were measured in frozen hypocotyls. All elicitors stimulated the antioxidant functions of sprouts and, at the highest concentrations, reduced the biometric parameters; therefore, lower concentrations were better. For the first time, a balance between elicitor concentration and application in instalments was achieved to maintain the production of sprouts with enhanced nutritional characteristics.

Key words:
salicylic acid; ascorbic acid; tocopherol; bioregulation; functional food

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: ceci@unoeste.br. *Corresponding author

Assays (A)	----------------------------------------------Days after sowing (DAS)----------------------------------------------------			Sum SA applied (mL)
	2	3	5
	Sprouts selection	-	-
	------------------------------------------------------Salicylic acid----------------------------------------------------------
SA 1	+ 12 mL SA at different concentrations	+ 12 mL W	Harvest	12
SA 2	+ 12 mL SA at different concentrations	+ 12 mL SA at different concentrations	Harvest	24
SA 3	+ 6 mL SA at different concentrations + 6 mL W	+ 6 mL SA at different concentrations + 6 mL W	Harvest	12
SA 4^*	+ 6 mL SA at different concentrations + 6 mL W	+ 12 mL W	Harvest	6
	-----------------------------------------------------Ascorbic Acid----------------------------------------------------------
AA 1	+ 12 mL AA at different concentrations	+ 12 mL DW	Harvest	12
AA 2	+ 12 mL AA at different concentrations	+ 12 mL AA at different concentrations	Harvest	24
AA 3^*	+ 6 mL AA at different concentrations + 6 mL W	+ 6 mL AA at different concentrations + 6 mL W	Harvest	12

Assays (A)	---------------------------------------Days after sowing (DAS)-----------------------------------------				Sum TOC applied (mL)
	2	3	4	5
	Sprouts selection	-	-	-
A 1	+ 12 mL TOC at different concentrations	+ 12 mL W	+ 12 mL W	Harvest	12
A 2	+ 12 mL TOC at different concentrations	+ 12 mL TOC at different concentrations	+ 12 mL W	Harvest	24
A 3^*	+ 12 mL TOC at different concentrations	+ 12 mL TOC at different concentrations	+ 12 mL TOC at different concentrations	Harvest	36

Concentration	SL	RL	TL	R_RS	SDM	RDM	TDM
(mg L^-1)	-----------------cm. seedling^-1----------------			-	-------------------g. 20 seedlings^-1-------------------
-------------------------------------------------------Assay 1 - 1 application of 12 mL.50 sprouts^-1-------------------------------------------------------
0.0	8.18 a^£	5.27 a	13.44 a	0.64 a	0.29 a	0.05 a	0.34 a
115.1	7.68 a	4.23 b	11.90 ab	0.55 c	0.30 a	0.04 ab	0.34 a
230.2	7.00 ab	3.03 c	10.03 bc	0.43 b	0.25 b	0.03 bc	0.28 b
575.5	6.15 b	2.1 d	8.24 c	0.34 d	0.24 b	0.03 c	0.27 b
F	8.4^*	41.6^**	22.9^**	44.5^**	12.5^**	13.9^**	13.5^**
CV	0.083	0.117	0.086	0.081	0.058	0.117	0.062
--------------------------------------------------------Assay 2 - 2 applications of 12 mL.50 sprouts^-1----------------------------------------------------
0.0	8.17 a	5.27 a	13.44 a	0.64 a	0.29 a	0.05 a	0.34 a
115.1	7.00 b	3.03 b	10.03 b	0.43 b	0.25 bc	0.03 b	0.28 bc
230.2	7.01 b	2.53 b	9.61 b	0.36 c	0.26 b	0.04 b	0.29 b
575.5	5.87 c	1.52 c	7.40 c	0.26 d	0.22 c	0.02 b	0.25 c
F	22.5^**	60.5^**	45.9^**	83.6^**	17.2^**	13.4^**	19.4^**
CV	0.056	0.132	0.073	0.084	0.052	0.143	0.057
------------------------------------------------------Assay 3 - 2 applications of 6 mL.50 sprouts^-1--------------------------------------------------------
0.0	6.46	4.16 ab	10.62 a	0.65 a	0.26	0.05 a	0.30
115.1	6.51	4.28 a	10.79 a	0.66 a	0.27	0.04 b	0.30
230.2	5.51	3.10 bc	8.62 b	0.57 a	0.23	0.04 b	0.37
575.5	5.44	2.09 c	7.53 b	0.39 b	0.18	0.03 c	0.21
F	3.9^ns	16.1^**	11.6^**	11.3^**	2.3 ^ns	18.8^**	2.9 ^ns
CV	0.098	0.150	0.99	0.134	0.217	0.072	0.188
------------------------------------------------------Assay 4 - 1 application of 6 mL.50 sprouts^-1---------------------------------------------------------
0.0	8.01 a	4.70 a	12.70 a	0.59 a	0.29 a	0.05 a	0.34 a
115.1	7.15 a	3.34 b	10.49 b	0.47 b	0.28 ab	0.05 a	0.32 ab
230.2	7.21 a	4.08 a	11.29 b	0.57 a	0.30 a	0.05 a	0.35 a
575.5	6.24 b	2.52 c	8.76 c	0.41 b	0.26 b	0.04 b	0.30 b
F	11.8^**	36.2^**	32.3^**	12.9^**	7.0^**	10.8^**	7.8^**
CV	0.059	0.085	0.053	0.094	0.043	0.065	0.044

Concentration	SL	RL	TL	R_RS	SDM	RDM	TDM
(g L^-1)	------------------cm. seedling^-1-------------------				--------------------g. 20 seedlings^-1-----------------
-----------------------------------------------------Assay 1 - 1 application of 12 mL.50 sprouts^-1---------------------------------------------------------
0.00	8.40 a	4.61 a	13.02 a	0.55 a	0.31 a	0.06 a	0.37 a
0.147	8.49 a	5.14 a	13.63 a	0.61 a	0.31 a	0.05 a	0.36 a
1.468	8.72 a	4.78 a	13.51 a	0.55 a	0.32 a	0.06 a	0.38 a
14.680	2.16 b	0.87 b	3.03 b	0.41 b	0.13 b	0.03 b	0.16 b
F	71.83^**	35.13^**	60.87^**	7.36^**	114.13^**	61.28^**	142.41^**
CV	0.1084	0.1751	0.1231	0.1195	0.0647	0.0745	0.0563
-----------------------------------------------------Assay 2 - 2 applications of 12 mL.50 sprouts^-1--------------------------------------------------------
0.00	8.41 b^*	4.61 ab	13.02 ab	0.55	0.31 a	0.06 a	0.37 a
0.147	9.81 a	5.16 a	14.97 a	0.53	0.31 a	0.06 a	0.37 a
1.468	7.52 b	3.69 b	11.20 b	0.49	0.28 a	0.06 a	0.34 b
14.680	1.90 c	1.02 c	2.92 c	0.55	0.12 b	0.02 b	0.14 c
F	126.02^**	27.44^**	74.22^**	0.226 ^ns	188.70^**	60.73^**	259.58^**
CV	0.0895	0.1939	0.1170	0.2168	0.0527	0.0888	0.0446
----------------------------------------------------Assay 3 - 2 applications of 6 mL.50 sprouts^-1-----------------------------------------------------------
0.00	6.55 b	4.84 a	11.38 ab	0.75	0.25 b	0.05 a	0.31 b
0.147	7.49 a	4.89 a	12.38 a	0.66	0.29 a	0.05 a	0.34 a
1.468	6.39 b	3.96 a	10.34 b	0.62	0.24 b	0.05 a	0.29 b
14.680	1.98 c	1.62 b	3.14 c	0.61	0.11 c	0.03 b	0.14 c
F	129.63^**	59.00^**	159.02^**	1.13 ^ns	124.01^**	42.75^**	175.59^**
CV	0.0772	0.1230	0.0715	0.1778	0.0624	0.0795	0.0501

Concentration	SL	RL	TL	R_RS	SDM	RDM	TDM
(mg L^-1)	----------------cm. seedling^-1---------------				---------------------g.20 seedlings^-1--------------------
Assay 1 - 1 application of 12 mL.50 sprouts^-1					---------------------g.20 seedlings^-1--------------------
0	9.08	5.31	14.39	0.59 ab	0.31 ab	0.05	0.36
25	8.62	4.77	13.38	0.55 ab	0.32 ab	0.06	0.39
50	9.03	5.46	14.48	0.61 a	0.30 b	0.06	0.36
100	9.65	5.10	14.75	0.53 b	0.33 a	0.06	0.39
F	2.25 ^ns	2.19 ^ns	1.79 ^ns	4.43^*	35.35^*	0.40 ^ns	4.536 ^ns
CV	0.0624	0.0787	0.0627	0.0558	0.0369	0.0561	0.0356
----------------------------------------------------Assay 2 - 2 applications of 12 mL.50 sprouts^-1---------------------------------------------------------
0	8.17	4.85	13.02	0.59	0.31	0.05	0.37
25	8.65	5.20	13.85	0.60	0.32	0.05	0.37
50	9.30	5.97	15.27	0.64	0.34	0.06	0.40
100	9.37	6.18	15.55	0.66	0.32	0.06	0.38
F	2.60 ^ns	2.01 ^ns	2.56 ^ns	0.83 ^ns	2.30 ^ns	2.78 ^ns	2.55 ^ns
CV	0.0796	0.1603	0.1038	0.1158	0.0498	0.0876	0.0532
------------------------------------------------------Assay 3 - 3 applications of 12 mL.50 sprouts^-1-------------------------------------------------------
0	9.49	5.09	14.58	0.53	0.33	0.07	0.40
25	9.30	5.03	14.33	0.54	0.33	0.06	0.39
50	8.62	4.30	12.92	0.49	0.32	0.07	0.39
100	9.28	5.09	14.36	0.54	0.34	0.06	0.40
F	1.48 ^ns	0.59 ^ns	0.94 ^ns	0.37 ^ns	1.33 ^ns	4.23 ^ns	0.40 ^ns
CV	0.0685	0.2043	0.1113	0.1508	0.0461	0.0703	0.0449