Plant growth analysis describing the soybean plants response on dryland field to seed co-inoculation

Buso, Pedro Henrique de Medeiros; Oliveira, Ricardo Augusto de; Daros, Edelclaiton; Zambon, José Luis Camargo; Venancio, Wilson Story; Souchie, Edson Luiz; Buso, Ellen Karine Rocco Piffer de Medeiros; Díaz-Zorita, Martín

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20190642

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crop production • Cienc. Rural 51 (9) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20190642 copy

Plant growth analysis describing the soybean plants response on dryland field to seed co-inoculation

Análise de crescimento de plantas descrevendo a resposta do cultivo de soja no campo à coinoculação de sementes

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Plant growth analysis can be used for soybean plants evaluation to identify morphologic changes caused by soil microbes after seed inoculation. The objective was to measure changes of inoculated soybean plants grown under regular field Brazilian production conditions. The experiment was carried out to compare 5 inoculation treatments: T1 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B. diazoefficiens), T2 (T1 and Azospirillum brasilense), T3 (T1 and Trichoderma asperellum), T4 (T1 and T. virens, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) and T5 (T1 and Penicillum bilaiae). Leaf area, shoot and root dry matter were measured at vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Results of this study validate the contribution of plant growth analysis of soybeans plants for identifying their responses promoted by the combined inoculation of their seeds with selected microbes. Also, the microbial effects on plant growth vary not only between microbes but also between parts of the plants and through the plant development stages. The introduction of different microbes in soybean rhizosphere combined with Bradyrhizobium sp. strains can contribute to increase crop dry matter productivity during its growing cycle.

Key words:
Glycine max; plant growth promoter microorganisms; shoot and root dry matter; leaf area index; plant growth rate.

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: pedrohbuso@hotmail.com. ^*Corresponding author

		----------------------------------------Month---------------------------------------
		Nov	Dec	Jan	Feb	Mar
Average maximum temperature	Historical average^*	24.9	26.3	26.8	26.6	25.7
	Season 2015/16	23.9	25.6	26.6	26.7	25.5
Average minimum temperature	Historical average	14.7	16.2	16.9	17.1	16.1
	Season 2015/16	16.2	18.0	17.3	18.6	16.5
Rainfalls	Historical average	121.9	152.8	205.6	172.7	138.3
	Season 2015/16	173.0	457.5	273.5	295.5	224.0

	---------------------------------Inoculant-----------------------------------			-------------------------Co-inoculant-------------------------
Treatment	Microorganism	dose.seed^-1	Microorganism	dose.seed^-1
1	Bradyrhizobium japonicum SEMIA 5079 and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens SEMIA 5080	1,200,000 cfu
2	Bradyrhizobium japonicum SEMIA 5079 and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens SEMIA 5080	1,200,000 cfu	Azospirillum brasilense AbV5 and AbV6	23,000 cfu
3	Bradyrhizobium japonicum SEMIA 5079 and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens SEMIA 5080	1,200,000 cfu	Trichoderma asperellum	1,500,000 viable spores
4	Bradyrhizobium japonicum SEMIA 5079 and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens SEMIA 5080	1,200,000 cfu	Trichoderma virens (GI-3) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (TJ1000)	14,000 and 71,000 cfu
5	Bradyrhizobium japonicum SEMIA 5079 and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens SEMIA 5080	1,200,000 cfu	Penicilium bilaiae P201 and P208	5,000 cfu

	-----------------------a-----------------------				-----------------------b------------------------				-----------------------c-----------------------
	Estimate	Standard error	Confidence limit		Estimate	Standard error	Confidence limit		Estimate	Standard error	Confidence limit
	Estimate	Standard error	Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper
SDM1^*	1238.4	139.0	968.2	1508.6	85.8	6.6	73.0	98.7	-3.6	0.5	-4.6	-2.7
SDM2	1000.6	123.8	760.0	1241.2	76.3	6.2	64.2	88.4	-4.3	1.0	-6.2	-2.5
SDM3	2018.4	432.8	1177.4	2859.3	125.0	19.9	86.3	163.6	-2.5	0.2	-3.0	-2.1
SDM4	894.8	36.8	823.2	966.4	70.0	2.0	66.1	74.0	-4.2	0.4	-4.9	-3.5
SDM5	1835.0	335.3	1183.4	2486.6	110.1	14.4	82.1	138.1	-2.9	0.3	-3.4	-2.3
RDM1	74.1	6.0	62.3	85.8	48.2	3.5	41.4	55.0	-5.0	1.6	-8.2	-1.8
RDM2	69.5	8.2	53.5	85.5	46.3	5.1	36.4	56.2	-4.8	2.3	-9.3	-0.4
RDM3	69.7	3.5	62.8	76.6	44.6	2.1	40.5	48.7	-5.5	1.3	-8.1	-3.0
RDM4	68.8	7.3	54.7	82.9	45.1	4.4	36.5	53.7	-5.4	2.6	-10.5	-0.4
RDM5	73.0	4.8	63.7	82.4	45.6	2.8	40.1	51.1	-4.7	1.2	-7.1	-2.3
TDM1	1281.9	131.9	1025.5	1538.2	81.7	6.0	70.0	93.4	-3.6	0.5	-4.5	-2.7
TDM2	1063.6	132.2	806.6	1320.5	73.6	6.3	61.3	85.9	-4.2	0.9	-6.0	-2.3
TDM3	1845.0	318.3	1226.5	2463.5	110.5	15.2	80.9	140.0	-2.5	0.2	-3.0	-2.1
TDM4	938.2	35.1	870.0	1006.5	66.5	1.8	63.0	70.0	-4.3	0.4	-5.0	-3.6
TDM5	1759.7	239.2	1294.9	2224.6	100.7	10.4	80.5	121.0	-2.8	0.3	-3.3	-2.3

Crop year	Treatment	Shoot Dry Matter		Root Dry Matter		Leaf Area Index		Yield
		----------g.plant^-1----------		---------g.plant^-1----------		---------m².m^-2--------		----------kg.ha^-1----------
2014/15	T1¹	4.26	b	0.68	b	2.68	b	2330.6	a
	T2	4.10	b	0.70	b	3.16	b	2328.2	a
	T3	4.94	a	0.80	a	2.95	b	2294.0	a
	T4	5.13	a	0.85	a	3.81	a	2433.1	a
	T5	5.00	a	0.80	a	3.02	b	2508.8	a
	CV%	6.38		8.86		9.46		6.2
2015/16	T1	2.56	a	0.47	a	1.46	b	3170.4	a
	T2	2.58	a	0.50	a	1.65	a	3168.7	a
	T3	2.45	a	0.48	a	1.73	a	2902.5	b
	T4	2.55	a	0.48	a	1.86	a	3063.0	a
	T5	2.29	a	0.50	a	1.38	b	3206.6	a
	CV%	16.17		14.57		16.37		5.9