Interaction between the body condition score, gait, hindlimb conformation, and claw conformation in dairy cows in Aydin, Turkey

Akin, Ibrahim; Bardakcioglu, Husnu Erbay; Hayat, Elvan; Ozturan, Yalcin Alper; Kurt, Omer

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20210158

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CLINIC AND SURGERY • Cienc. Rural 52 (4) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210158 copy

Interaction between the body condition score, gait, hindlimb conformation, and claw conformation in dairy cows in Aydin, Turkey

Interação entre o escore corporal, marcha, conformação do membro posterior e conformação do casco em vacas leiteiras em uma fazenda localizada em Aydin, Turquia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Breeding strategies aim to reduce lameness in dairies by using predictor traits to increase the selection of dairy cows. This study enhanced the present knowledge about association between the claw conformations (CC), hindlimb conformation (HiLC), gait, and body condition score (BCS) in dairy cows. A total of 166 lactating Holstein cows were enrolled in the study and scored for BCS, CC, HiLC, and gait. The abnormal HiLC group was statistically significant (P<0.001) to have more abnormal CC. Hock in (Hin) cows showed significance (P<0.001) with CC abnormalities. Cows with abnormal gait have less abnormal claw and limb conformation than normal cows (P=0.032). Lactation number (P=0.036) and abnormal HiLC (P<0.001) were significantly increased risk for CC. The present results might be useful for claw and hindlimb conformations, and breeding strategies of the herd.

Key words:
dairy cow; claw conformation; body condition score; limb conformation

		------------------------------Lactation number (n)--------------------------------
		-------1 (68)-------	------2 (42)-----	-------3 (27)------	------4 (29)------
BCS (Mean ± SD)		3.27±0.64	3.50±0.52	3.26±0.75	3.19±0.60
Days in Milk (Mean ± SD)		219.97±101.62	230.45±97.93	185.00±77.66	201.48±102.92
Hindlimb conformation (n, %)	normal	41 (60.3)	21 (50.0)	10 (37.0)	12 (41.4)
Hindlimb conformation (n, %)	abnormal	27 (39.7)	21 (50.0)	17 (63.0)	17 (58.6)
Claw conformation (n, %)	normal	41 (60.3)	20 (47.6)	8 (29.6)	9 (31.0)
Claw conformation (n, %)	abnormal	27 (39.7)	22 (52.4)	19 (70.4)	20 (69.0)
Gait (n, %)	normal	5 (7.4)	3 (7.1)	7 (25.9)	13 (44.8)
Gait (n, %)	abnormal	63 (92.6)	39 (92.9)	20 (74.1)	16 (55.2)

Claw conformation	----------------------------Claws, n (%)-----------------------------
	LL	LM	RL	RM	Total
Normal claw	101 (60.8)	114 (68.7)	100 (60.2)	114 (68.7)	429 (64.6)
Scissor claw	22 (13.3)	23 (13.9)	17 (10.2)	22 (13.3)	84 (12.7)
Corkscrew claw	35 (21.1)	16 (9.6)	39 (23.5)	18 (10.8)	108 (16.3)
Big claw	8 (4.8)	13 (7.8)	10 (6.0)	12 (7.2)	43 (6.5)

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: ibraak@adu.edu.tr. ^*Corresponding author

	-----------Groups-----------	-----n-----	---Mean±SD---	--------p-value--------
Claw Conformation	normal	78	3.31±0.57	0.461
Claw Conformation	abnormal	88	3.30±0.67	0.461
Hindlimb Conformation	normal	84	3.33±0.62	0.226
Hindlimb Conformation	abnormal	82	3.28±0.63	0.226
CDIM	Early lactation	13	2.88±0.61^b	<0.001
	Peak lactation	31	2.95±0.48^b
	Late lactation	122	3.44±0.60^a
CLN	Young	110	3.35±0.60	0.296
CLN	Old	56	3.22±0.67	0.296
Interactions	CC^*CDIM			0.886
	HiLC^*CDIM			0.702
	CC^*CLN			0.587
	HiLC^*CLN			0.815

Hindlimb conformation	n	Body Condition Score (Mean±SD)
Normal	84	3.34±0.62^ab
Hock in (Hin)	51	3.14±0.62^b
One side Hock in (OHin)	8	3.38±0.69^ab
Bow Legged (BL)	8	3.19±0.53^ab
Open Legged (OL)	15	3.77±0.49^a
P-value		0.014

		-----------------------------------------------Claw conformation-------------------------------------------------
		----------Normal---------		-----------------------------------Abnormal--------------------------------------
	Claw	NC	n	CoC	n	SC	n	BC	n	p-value
BCS	LL	3.35± 0.06	101	3.21 ± 0.12	35	3.34 ± 0.16	22	3.35± 0.25	8	0.164
	LM	3.36 ± 0.06	114	3.16 ± 0.18	16	3.28 ± 0.14	23	3.23± 0.16	13	0.113
	RL	3.33 ± 0.06	100	3.32±0.11	39	3.35± 0.18	17	3.15± 0.21	10	0.363
	RM	3.36 ± 0.06	114	3.22± 0.14	18	3.23± 0.15	22	3.21 ± 0.20	12	0.200

		---------------------Claw Conformation--------------------
		------abnormal, n (%)------	------normal, n (%)------	--------p-value-------
Main groups of HiLC	Normal	28 (33.3)	56 (66.7)	<0.001
Main groups of HiLC	Abnormal	60 (68.2)	22 (28.2)	<0.001
Subgroups of abnormal HiLC	Hin^*	44 (86.3)	7 (13.7)	<0.001
	OHin	5 (62.5)	3 (37.5)
	BL	4 (50.0)	4 (50.0)
	OL	7 (46.7)	8 (53.3)

			----------------------------------Claw Conformation-------------------------------
			-------Normal-------	-----------------------Abnormal-------------------------
Claw	---HiLC---	--Total, n (%)--	------NC, n (%)------	--CoC, n (%)--	-SC, n (%)-	--BC, n (%)---	----p-value----
LL	Normal	84 (62.2)	65 (78.3)	10 (33.3)	7 (46.7)	2 (28.6)	<0.001
LL	Hin	51 (37.8)	18 (21.7)	20 (66.7)^*	8 (53.3)	5 (71.4)	<0.001
LM	Normal	84 (62.2)	73 (78.5)	3 (23.1)	6 (33.3)	2 (18.2)	<0.001
LM	Hin	51 (37.8)	20 (21.5)	10 (76.9)^*	12 (66.7)	9 (81.8)^*	<0.001
RL	Normal	84 (62.2)	65 (82.3)	10 (31.3)	7 (46.7)	2 (22.2)	<0.001
RL	Hin	51 (37.8)	14 (17.7)	22 (68.8)^*	8 (53.3)	7 (77.8)	<0.001
RM	Normal	84 (62.2)	73 (79.3)	3 (21.4)	6 (31.6)	2 (20.0)	<0.001
RM	Hin	51 (37.8)	19 (20.7)	11 (78.6)^*	13 (68.4)^*	8 (80.0)^*	<0.001

	----------Hindlimb conformation-----------			-------------Claw conformation--------------
Gait	--abnormal--	----normal----	--p-value--	--abnormal--	---normal---	--p-value--	--------Total-------
Abnormal	63 (45.7)	75 (54.3)	0.032	68 (49.3)	70 (50.7)	0.032	138 (83.1)
Normal	19 (67.9)	9 (32.1)	0.032	20 (71.4)	8 (28.6)	0.032	28 (16.9)
Total	82 (49.4)	84 (50.6)		88 (53.0)	78 (47.0)		166 (100)

Risk Factors	-----------------Lateral--------------		-----------------Medial----------------		-----------------General-----------------
	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
CLN (young/old)	2.98 (1.75-5.09)	<0.001	3.67 (2.07-6.48)	<0.001	2.29 (1.05-4.97)	0.036
HiLC (normal/abnormal)	4.18 (2.56-6.84)	<0.001	6.20 (3.52-10.92)	<0.001	4.98 (2.52-9.84)	<0.001
Gait (normal/abnormal)	1.14 (0.58-2.25)	0.695	0.94 (0.47-1.89)	0.857	0.71 (0.25-1.96)	0.509