The soybean yield potential can be modified by plant arrangement. This modification might be the result of the diferential contribution of the canopy strata for the potential determination. The experiment was conducted at the Agronomic Experimental Estation of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, in Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in the 2000/01 growing season. The objectives were to evaluate the yield potential by stratum of soybean canopy in different plant arrangement, under two water availability. The cultivar tested was BRS 137, in no-till planting. Water availability (irrigated an no irrigated), row spacing (20 and 40cm) and population levels (20, 30 and 40 plants m-2) were tested. The yield potential was estimated in the beginning of grain filling (R5). It was considered that all flowers and pods present at this stage were able to reach maturation, forming grains and contributing to yield. The canopy was divided in three strata by plans paralel to soil surface. The irrigated treatment (14976kg ha-1) presented larger total plant yield potential and yield in R8 (maturity) than without irrigation (12148kg ha-1), similar to what ocurred in all soybean canopy strata. The plant arrangement with 20cm of row spacing, independent of population, presented, on the average, larger yield potential in R5 (14970kg ha-1) compared to 40cm row spacing (12154kg ha-1). The same was also noticed at the medium soybean canopy stratum. At maturity the plant arrangement 20cm of row spacing and population of 20 plants m-2 yielded more than 40cm (6442kg ha-1 compared to 4396kg ha-1), due to larger yield at the medium and botom stratum. There was a linear decrease in yield potential with increase of plant population, with row spacing reduction (20cm), explained by the same behavior of the canopy strata. Similar response was obtained for yield in R8. The soybean canopy strata contributed differently to yield potential with the plant arrangement modification, due to the diferential number of reproductives structures (R5) and yield components (R8) alteration.
Glycine max (L.) Merrill; row spacing; reproductives structures; plant population
