Reference percentiles for bioimpedance body composition parameters of healthy individuals: A cross-sectional study

Amaral, Marina Azambuja; Mundstock, Eduardo; Scarpatto, Camila H.; Cañon-Montañez, Wilson; Mattiello, Rita

doi:10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100078

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Original articles • Clinics 77 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100078 copy

Reference percentiles for bioimpedance body composition parameters of healthy individuals: A cross-sectional study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to estimate the percentage distribution of body composition parameters for healthy people at different ages from the assessment of electrical bioimpedance.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study of healthy Brazilian aged 5 years and older. Were evaluated: total body fat; percent body fat; fat-free mass; percent lean mass; fat mass index; and fat-free mass index.

Results:

Of 1240 participants, with a median age of 27.0 years, 52.5% were female, and 73.7% were Caucasian. Most of the body composition variables were associated with age. The fat-free mass increased from youth to adult and decreased in the elderly in both sexes, with higher values in males than in females. In males, the percentage of lean mass has higher values in adolescence compared to childhood, and in adults compared to the elderly, when analyzed from the 50^th percentile. In women, fat-free mass compared to adulthood, values were higher in childhood and lower in older ages.

Conclusions:

The study is the first to describe the Brazilian reference values for most clinical parameters of bioimpedance in percentiles stratified by different life cycles and sex. These findings can be very useful in clinical practice for health promotion and monitoring the nutritional status of the individual.

Keywords:
Body composition; Body fat; Bioelectrical impedance analysis; Fat-free mass; Reference standard

Highlights

Body composition is considered an important predictor in different clinical and health promotion scenarios.
This is the first study to describe the reference values of body composition composed of a sample of Brazilians stratified by different life cycles, sex, and race.
This is the first study that includes the evaluation of all parameters of body composition assessed from electrical bioimpedance.

	n(%)
Sex
Women	651 (52.5)
Men	589 (47.5)
Ethnicity
Caucasian	777 (73.7)
African American	116 (11.0)
Other	161 (15.3)
Family monthly income
< U$ 468.00	232 (25.2)
U$ 469.00 to U$ 936.00	235 (25.5)
U$ 937.00 to U$ 1,995.00	204 (22.1)
> U$ 1995.00	251 (27.2)
Age
5 to 9 years	137 (11.3)
10 to 19 years	288 (23.8)
20 to 59 years	716 (59.2)
≥ 60 years	67 (5.7)

	n	Mean+SD	Percentile
			5th	10^th	25^th	50^th	75^th	90^th	95^th
Total body fat (kg)
Men
5 to 9 years	58	7.5±5.3	2.3	2.4	3.6	5.9	9.6	17	19.2
10 to 19 years	134	10.6±9.6	2.4	3.2	5.3	7.7	12.2	21.3	27.5
20 to 59 years	371	18.1±8.9	7	8.7	11.9	16.5	22.4	28.7	35.5
≥60 years	16	22.2±8.0	12.3	14	15.2	21.3	27.4	32.2	32.2
Women
5 to 9 years	79	7.1±5.1	2.2	2.6	4	5.4	8.3	15.4	17.8
10 to 19 years	154	16.0±9.1	6.2	7.6	9.8	13.4	21.4	25.2	35.5
20 to 59 years	345	22.9±11.0	10.1	11.2	14.4	20.4	28.5	38.5	43.3
≥60 years	51	25.3±9.5	12.9	15	19.9	24.6	29.4	36.7	47.2
Percentage of body fat (%)
Men
5 to 9 years	58	21.4±10.0	9.3	10	14.4	19	28.1	36.4	40
10 to 19 years	134	18.1±10.2	4.4	7.4	12	15.5	22.8	32.4	35.7
20 to 59 years	371	21.11±7.7	10.2	12	15.5	20.2	25.8	31.1	34.5
≥60 years	16	27.8±8.8	18.1	15	20.7	27.6	33.8	38.1	38.1
Women
5 to 9 years	79	22.6±10.2	8.6	11.2	15.9	21	25.7	38.2	43.5
10 to 19 years	154	27.5±8.8	15.6	18.3	21.8	26	33.3	41.1	43
20 to 59 years	345	32.4±9.2	18.5	20.8	25	32.3	38.8	44.3	48
≥60 years	51	38.2±9.0	24.4	28.4	33.7	39.4	43.4	49.2	50.7
Fat free mass (kg)
Men
5 to 9 years	58	24.3±5.0	19.2	19.7	21.3	24.3	26.5	28.4	29.4
10 to 19 years	134	45.5±15.3	33.5	35.4	39.2	44.6	50.3	56.3	60.6
20 to 59 years	371	64.9±8.6	51.2	54.7	59.2	64.3	70.3	75.9	79.1
≥60 years	16	56.8±10.5	44.8	44.8	47.2	53.7	66	66.2	77.1
Women
5 to 9 years	79	21.7±4.3	16.3	17.5	19.5	21.3	23.8	26.3	27.6
10 to 19 years	154	38.7±7.9	28.9	30.6	33.5	38.2	42.7	48.3	51.6
20 to 59 years	345	44.5±5.4	36.3	39.1	40.7	44.1	47.6	51.2	53.1
≥60 years	51	39.8±7.5	32	33.5	36.7	38.5	42.4	45.9	48.8
Percentage of lean mass (%)
Men
5 to 9 years	58	73.8±9.6	56.5	59.5	67.7	76	80.8	84.6	85.6
10 to 19 years	134	77.0±9.6	60.3	63.4	72.7	79.1	83	87	90
20 to 59 years	371	74.4±7.2	61.8	64.9	69.9	75.2	79.4	83.1	84.8
≥60 years	16	68.0±8.3	58.3	62.2	68.5	74.5	75.6	75.6	77.2
Women
5 to 9 years	79	72.9±9.6	53.2	58.4	69.4	74.4	79.3	83.7	86.5
10 to 19 years	154	68.1±8.3	53.6	55.3	63	69.4	73.6	76.7	79.8
20 to 59 years	345	63.6±8.5	49.2	52.4	57.5	63.8	70.5	74.5	76.7
≥60 years	51	58.0±8.1	46.5	48.2	52.6	56.9	62.1	67.3	70.9
Fat mass index (kg/m²)
Men
5 to 9 years	58	4.2±2.8	1.3	1.5	2.2	3.3	5.8	8.1	10
10 to 19 years	134	4.1±3.7	0.8	1.2	2.1	2.9	4.8	8.8	10.2
20 to 59 years	371	5.9±2.9	2.2	2.8	3.8	5.3	7.3	9.6	10.8
≥60 years	16	7.8±3.2	4.2	4.9	5.4	7.7	9.8	11.5	11.5
Women
5 to 9 years	79	4.3±3.0	1.2	1.7	2.4	3.4	4.7	9.5	10.9
10 to 19 years	154	6.4±3.4	2.8	3.2	4.1	5.4	8.2	10.7	14.6
20 to 59 years	345	8.9±4.4	3.7	4.3	5.6	7.9	11.4	15	17.1
≥60 years	51	10.7±4.0	5.4	6.4	7.9	10.4	13	16.6	19.3
Fat free mass index (kg/m²)
Men
5 to 9 years	58	14.2±0.9	12.7	12.9	13.5	14.2	15	15.2	15.4
10 to 19 years	134	17.1±2.8	14.5	15	15.9	16.8	18.1	19.4	20.5
20 to 59 years	372	20.8±2.2	17.1	18.3	19.5	20.8	22.3	23.6	24.1
≥60 years	16	19.7±2.0	16.5	16.5	18.2	20.2	21.2	22	23.2
Women
5 to 9 years	79	13.4±0.9	11.6	12.2	12.9	13.4	13.9	14.5	15
10 to 19 years	154	15.6±1.6	13.3	13.7	14.5	15.5	16.6	17.8	18.4
20 to 59 years	345	17.1±1.7	14.8	15.3	16	16.9	18	19.5	20.3
≥60 years	51	16.6±2.3	14.3	14.6	15.4	16.5	17.5	18.1	19.8

Body composition parameters	Age	Men				Women
		95% CI Estimates	Lower	Upper	p	95% CI Estimates	Lower	Upper	p
Total body fat (kg)	P25	0.24	0.21	0.28	<0.0001	0.25	0.22	0.28	<0.0001
	P50	0.31	0.26	0.36	<0.0001	0.27	0.22	0.32	<0.0001
	P75	0.29	0.21	0.36	<0.0001	0.28	0.12	0.43	0.0003
Percentage of body fat (%)	P25	0.17	0.11	0.22	<0.0001	0.23	0.18	0.28	<0.0001
	P50	0.16	0.12	0.21	<0.0001	0.26	0.22	0.30	<0.0001
	P75	0.07	0.01	0.12	0.0127	0.19	0.13	0.25	<0.0001
Fat free mass (kg)	P25	0.75	0.68	0.82	<0.0001	0.25	0.19	0.30	<0.0001
	P50	0.53	0.38	0.67	<0.0001	0.19	0.13	0.24	<0.0001
	P75	0.39	0.25	0.52	<0.0001	0.19	0.11	0.27	<0.0001
Percentage of lean mass (%)	P25	−0.06	−0.12	0.0015	0.05	−0.17	−0.22	−0.13	<0.0001
	P50	−0.14	−0.18	−0.10	<0.0001	−0.24	−0.28	−0.20	<0.0001
	P75	−0.15	−0.19	−0.11	<0.0001	−0.21	−0.26	−0.16	<0.0001
Fat mass index (kg/m²)	P25	0.06	0.04	0.07	<0.0001	0.08	0.06	0.09	<0.0001
	P50	0.08	0.06	0.09	<0.0001	0.10	0.08	0.12	<0.0001
	P75	0.05	0.03	0.07	<0.0001	0.09	0.05	0.14	<0.0001
Fat free mass index (kg/m²)	P25	0.12	0.11	0.14	<0.0001	0.05	0.04	0.06	<0.0001
	P50	0.12	0.09	0.15	<0.0001	0.05	0.04	0.07	<0.0001
	P75	0.09	0.06	0.13	<0.0001	0.06	0.04	0.08	<0.0001

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[1] *Corresponding author. E-mail address:rita.mattiello@pucrs.br (R. Mattiello).