Highlights
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The oral glucose tolerance characteristics were analyzed.
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Effect of gestational diabetes on the pregnancy outcome of twins was analyzed.
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The influence of preconception BMI on twin pregnancy outcome was explored.
Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the mid-pregnancy blood glucose levels of women with singleton or twin pregnancies.
Method
The relationship between blood glucose levels and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) was studied in women with different pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI), and the effect of GDM on twin pregnancy outcomes was analyzed. Women with twin (n= 1,985) and singleton (n= 1,985) pregnancies were categorized into underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, n= 597), normal weight (BMI: 18.5-23.9 kg/m2, n= 2,575), and overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2, n= 798) groups.
Results
The incidence of GDM was 21.01% in women with twin pregnancies. Among the women with GDM in twin pregnancies, 38.37% had at least two abnormal blood glucose levels. The incidence of these parameters increased with preconception BMI, and the incidence of twin pregnancies was higher than that of singleton pregnancies (p < 0.001). In the normal weight and overweight/obese group, the oral glucose tolerance test glucose level and incidence of GDM were higher in women with twin than singleton pregnancies (p < 0.05). For twin pregnancies, the prevalence of selective fetal growth restriction was higher and anemia was lower in the GDM group than in the non-GDM group (all p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Therefore, a greater emphasis should be placed on BMI before conception, and well-controlled GDM does not increase adverse pregnancy outcomes for twin pregnancies.
Keywords
Twin pregnancy; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Glucose tolerance test; Body mass index; Pregnancy outcomes