The effects of motor adaptation on ankle isokinetic assessments in older drivers

Alonso, Angelica Castilho; Brech, Guilherme Carlos; Ernandes, Rita de Cássia; Rodrigues, Douglas; Ayama, Sérgio; Canonica, Alexandra Carolina; Luna, Natália Mariana Silva; Santos, Sileno da Silva; Mochizuki, Luis; Peterson, Mark; Garcez-Leme, Luiz Eugênio; Greve, Júlia Maria D’Andréa

doi:10.6061/clinics/2018/e303

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Clinics 73 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2018/e303 copy

The effects of motor adaptation on ankle isokinetic assessments in older drivers

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVES:

This study sought to analyze the extent of motor adaptation in ankle plantar flexors and dorsiflexors among older drivers during clinical isokinetic testing.

METHODS:

One hundred older adults (70.4±5.7 years) participated in two bilateral ankle plantar flexor and dorsiflexor isokinetic assessments at 30°/sec. Peak torque (PTQ), PTQ adjusted for body weight (PTQ/BW), and total work (TW) were analyzed.

RESULTS:

On the dominant side, PTQ/BW and TW were significantly greater for the second plantar flexion test than were those for the first such test (p<0.001), whereas PTQ, PTQ/BW, and TW (p<0.001) were significantly greater for the second dorsiflexion test than were those for the first such test. On the non-dominant side, plantar flexion PTQ and TW were significantly lower for the second test than were those for the first test (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION:

Older drivers demonstrated better performance with the dominant limb on the second test. The low variability in test execution showed the existence of a motor adaptation effect for the tested movements, despite the short recovery period between the assessments.

Ankle; Muscle Strength; Muscle Strength Dynamometer; Older Drivers

Older drivers
M (SD)
Age (years)	70.4 (5.8)
Years licensed	42.8 (9.2)
Years of education	12.6 (3.0)
Body mass (kg)	64.2 (9.0)
Height (cm)	1.60 (0.6)
BMI (kg/m²)	25.06 (3.7)
Physical activity (IPAQ) %
Irregular activity A	64
Irregular activity B	36
Dominant lower limb %
Right	100
Left	0
Occupation %
Retired	93
Salaried	7
Family income %
>½ to 1 MW	5
>1 to 2 MW	07
>2 to 3 MW	08
>3 to 5 MW	37
>5 to 10 MW	21
>10 to 20 MW	10
>20 MW	03
Refused to answer	9

Variables	PTQ (Nm)		PT/BW (Nm/kg)		TW (J)		Agon/antag ratio (%)
Variables	First test M (SD)	Second test M (SD)	First test M (SD)	Second test M (SD)	First test M (SD)	Second test M (SD)	First test M (SD)	Second test M (SD)
Plantar flexors
Dominant	46.1 (26.4)	51.6 (21.9)	63.0 (27.7)	74.2 (30.9)^a a p<0.001 for the difference between the first and second tests.	69.1 (43.7)	83.3 (52.8)^a a p<0.001 for the difference between the first and second tests.	61.3 (28.2)	51.6 (20.8)^a a p<0.001 for the difference between the first and second tests.
Non-dominant	24.6 (10.2)^b b p<0.001 for the difference between the dominant and non-dominant limbs.	23.2 (5.8)^a a p<0.001 for the difference between the first and second tests. ,^b b p<0.001 for the difference between the dominant and non-dominant limbs.	34.7 (11.8)^b b p<0.001 for the difference between the dominant and non-dominant limbs.	33.1 (7.6)^b b p<0.001 for the difference between the dominant and non-dominant limbs.	43.1 (15.2)^b b p<0.001 for the difference between the dominant and non-dominant limbs.	40.7 (13.0)^a a p<0.001 for the difference between the first and second tests. ,^b b p<0.001 for the difference between the dominant and non-dominant limbs.	60.1 (39.9)	54.7 (38.4)^a a p<0.001 for the difference between the first and second tests.
Dorsiflexors
Dominant	47.4 (22.5)	53.1 (23.3)^a a p<0.001 for the difference between the first and second tests.	68.5 (31.7)	75.5 (32.8)^a a p<0.001 for the difference between the first and second tests.	73.3 (51.8)	83.8 (51.6)^a a p<0.001 for the difference between the first and second tests.
Non-dominant	24.8 (8.0)^b b p<0.001 for the difference between the dominant and non-dominant limbs.	24.0 (6.3)^b b p<0.001 for the difference between the dominant and non-dominant limbs.	34.7 (11.8)^b b p<0.001 for the difference between the dominant and non-dominant limbs.	33.1 (7.5)^b b p<0.001 for the difference between the dominant and non-dominant limbs.	43.3 (16.9)^b b p<0.001 for the difference between the dominant and non-dominant limbs.	41.7 (15.0)^b b p<0.001 for the difference between the dominant and non-dominant limbs.

Coefficients of variation (CV)
Variables	CV (%)
Variables	First test M (SD) MIN-MAX	Second test M (SD) MIN-MAX
Plantar flexors
Dominant	15.3 (10.8) (3.5-60)	11.0 (8.3) (2.6-56.4)^a a p<0.001 for the difference between the first and second tests;
Non-dominant	6.9 (8.9) (0.9-72.1)^b b p<0.001 for the difference between the dominant and non-dominant limbs.	6.1 (3.0) (1.8-16.1)^b b p<0.001 for the difference between the dominant and non-dominant limbs.
Dorsiflexors
Dominant	14.3 (11.4) (2.1-64.4)	10.8 (11.87) (1.4-100.9)
Non-dominant	7.7 (8.9) (1.7-59)^b b p<0.001 for the difference between the dominant and non-dominant limbs.	6.1 (3.4) (1.6-20.2)^b b p<0.001 for the difference between the dominant and non-dominant limbs.

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E-mail: clinics@hc.fm.usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author. E-mail: angelicacastilho@msn.com