Effects of environmental attributes on the biodiversity of ants under different land uses

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on the ant fauna, in cultivated areas and in a native forest fragment. The data were collected in the municipality of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro state, in the rainy and dry seasons, in a banana plantation (Musa pariadisiaca L.), an agroforest, a coffee plantation (Coffea conephora Pierre) shaded with Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) and a forest fragment (8 ha) in the intermediate stage of secondary succession. For the sampling, soil pitfall traps and the Winkler extractor were used. A total of 53 species were collected in the present study. The highest species richness was observed in the agroforestry (38 species), followed by shaded coffee (31 species), secondary forest (29 species) and banana plantation (28 species). In the dry season there was effect of land use type and leaf litter depth on the richness and diversity of ant species. In both seasons, ant species composition varied significantly among all the studied areas. The agroforestry systems are important alternatives to monocultures due to their diversity of cultivated species and plant strata. Thus, the increase of the structural heterogeneity of the environment and the leaf litter depth, in cultivated areas in the dry season, may lead to greater species richness and diversity as well as changes in the species composition.

Keywords:
Agroforestry systems; Conservation; Formicidae