Organic waste and controlled-release fertilizer maximize the growth of <i>Citharexylum montevidense</i> in nursery and in the field

Griebeler, Adriana Maria; Araujo, Maristela Machado; Turchetto, Felipe; Berghetti, Álvaro Luis Pasquetti; Rorato, Daniele Guarienti; Fermino, Maria Helena; Aimi, Suelen Carpenedo; Costella, Claudia

doi:10.1590/01047760202329013003

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SILVICULTURE • CERNE 29 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202329013003 copy

Organic waste and controlled-release fertilizer maximize the growth of Citharexylum montevidense in nursery and in the field

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Background:

The increase in agricultural production requires sustainable alternatives development for reusing the waste generated, such as bovine manure, to obtain ecological, environmental, and economic benefits. In addition, proper fertilization is one of the main steps in the production of forest species seedlings. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the effect of different substrates formulations based on bovine manure and types of fertilizers on the quality of C. montevidense seedlings and verify if the field confirms the nurseries’ responses. The treatments consisted of three BM-based substrates combinations (S0 - control, no manure; S30 - 30% BM; and S60 - 60% BM) and four types of base fertilizers [Control: no fertilizer, FRF - Fast Release Fertilizer (NPK + fritted trace elements), FRF2 - twice as used in FRF and CRF - Controlled Release Fertilizer]. The substrates quality and the seedlings’ morphophysiological attributes were determined 160 days after sowing, then conducting the best treatments to the field.

Results:

We verified that the use of bovine manure improved the physical and chemical properties of the substrates. For the C. montevidense cultivation, 30% BM plus CRF provided the best seedling development. The substrate used in the seedlings production influenced the post-planting performance of C. montevidense, and the bovine manure use allows for more significant plant growth in the field.

Conclusion:

For the cultivation of Citharexylum montevidense, it is recommended to use substrates composed of 30% of bovine manure, associated with 6 g L^-1 of controlled-release fertilizer, as it provides higher quality seedlings in shorter production time in the nursery.

Keywords:
Alternative substrates; Citharexylum montevidense; Forest species; Morphophysiology.

HIGHLIGHTS

Highest morphophysiological quality was observed with bovine manure. Bovine manure can be used in the production of seedlings in containers. Organic waste with controlled release fertilizer maximizes seedling growth. The use of 30% of bovine manure provides higher quality seedlings

Substrate% BM	Fertilizer
S0 - 80% CS + 20% CRH	Control (no fertilizer)
S30 - 50% CS + 20% CRH + 30% BM	FRF - 100 g L^-1 of urea, 300 g L^-1 simple superphosphate, 100 g L^-1 of potassium chloride e 150 g L^-1 fritted
S30 - 50% CS + 20% CRH + 30% BM	FRF2 - 200 g L^-1 of urea, 600 g L^-1 simple superphosphate, 200 g L^-1 of potassium chloride e 300 g L^-1 fritted
S60 - 20% CS + 20% CRH + 60% BM	CRF - controlled release fertilizer, Mini Prill, 18-05-09 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O) 6 g L^-1

Substrate	HD	DD	TP	AS	WEA	WRC10	WRC50	pH	EC	N	P	K	Ca	Mg
S0	185.0	169.0	66.0	14.0	13.0	51.0	39.0	4.9	0.5	0.8	0.1	0.3	1.5	2.0
S30	297.0	273.0	79.0	26.0	13.0	57.0	44.0	5.7	0.7	1.0	0.3	0.4	1.5	1.3
S60	359.0	318.0	80.0	23.0	13.0	58.0	44.0	5.9	1.0	1.1	0.4	0.4	1.2	0.6

Attributes	Substrates % BM	Base fertilization				Average
Attributes	Substrates % BM	Control	FRF	FRF2	CRF	Average
SD (mm)	S0	0.6 Bb*	0.9 Bc	0.7 Bb	3.2 Ab	1.4
	S30	4.0 ABa	3.6 Bb	3.9 Aba	4.7 Aa	4.0
	S60	4.5 Aa	4.6 Aa	4.4 Aa	5.2 Aa	4.8
	Average	3.1	3.1	3.0	4.3
	F(p) S*A = 6.8 (0.000)			CV (%) = 12.7
H/SD	S0 S30	4.7 Aa	4.1 Aa	4.3 Aa	5.0 Ab	4.6
	S30	3.9 Ba	4.3 Ba	3.9 Ba	6.0 Aa	4.6
	S60	4.2 Ba	4.4 Ba	4.2 Ba	6.2 Aa	4.8
	Average	4.3	4.3	4.2	5.8
	F(p) S*A = 2.4 (0.05)			CV (%) = 12.1
LA (cm²)	S0	6.7 Bc	5.7 Bc	3.4 Bb	97.0 Ab	28.2
	S30	161.0 Bb	140.3 Bb	143.3 Ba	384.8 Aa	207.4
	S60	251.2 Ba	226.6 Ba	183.8 Ba	421.6 Aa	270.8
	Average	139.6	124.2	110.1	301.2
	F(p) S*A = 5.1 (0.0007)			CV (%) = 21.3
RL (cm)	S0	1.5 Bb	2.6 Bb	1.5 Bb	7.8 Ac	3.1
	S30	28.6 Aa	28.4 Ba	29.8 Aa	36.6 Ab	30.8
	S60	34.0 Ba	33.3Ba	32.3 Ba	47.8 Aa	36.2
	Average	21.4	21.4	21.2	30.8	3.1
	F(p) S*A = 3.0 (0.01)			CV (%) = 16.8
DQI	S0	0.006 Bb	0.02 Bc	0.009 Bb	0.2 Ab	0.06
	S30	0.4 Ba	0.3 Bb	0.4 Ba	0.8 Aa	0.5
	S60	0.6 Aa	0.5 Ba	0.4 Ba	0.7 Aa	0.6
	Averages	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.6
	F(p) S*A = 4.7 (0.05)			CV (%) = 22.7

Attributes	Substrate	Base fertilizer				Average
Attributes	Substrate	Control	FRF	FRF2	CRF	Average
FCIa	S0	9.6 Bb*	12.6Bb	14.2 Bb	36.1 Aa	18.9
	S30	29.4 Ba	28.1 Ba	29.5 Ba	37.1 Aa	30.8
	S60	31.8 ABa	30.4 Ba	33.2 ABa	39.3 Aa	33.2
	Average	23.6	23.7	25.7	37.5
	F(p) S*A = 13.9 (0.000)			CV (%) = 12.0
FCIb	S0	1.6 Bb	2.0 Bb	1.9 Bb	18.0 Aa	1.6
	S30	7.1 Ba	6.7 Ba	7.3 Ba	13.1 Ab	8.6
	S60	8.8 Ba	8.0 Ba	9.2 Ba	14.1 Ab	10.0
	Average	5.9	5.6	6.1	15.07
	F(p) S*A = 11.9 (0.000)			CV (%) = 21.0
F_v/F_m	S0	0.4 Ab	0.3 Bc	0.6 Aa	0.5 Ab	0.4
	S30	0.6 Ba	0.5 Bb	0.5 Ba	0.6 Aa	0.5
	S60	0.6 ABa	0.6 ABa	0.5 Ba	0.7 Aa	0.6
	Average	0.5	0.5	0.50	0.6
	F(p) S*A = 3.9 (0.008)			CV (%) = 7.2

Attributes	Substrates	Base Fertilizer				Average
Attributes	Substrates	Control	RRF	RRF2	CRF	Average
RAS	S0	0,0 Cc*	0.3 Cc	1.3 Bc	5.8 Ab	7.4
	S30	6.8 Cb	6.4 Cb	8.0 Bb	10.0 Aa	7.8
	S60	10.0 Aa	10.0 Aa	9.0 Aa	10.0 Aa	9.8
	Average	5.6	5.6	6.1	8.6
	F(p) S*A = 31.0 (0.019)			CV (%) = 5.42
RT	S0	0,0 Bb	0.7 Bc	1.1 Bc	8.0 Aab	2.4
	S30	6.5 Ba	5.9 Bb	7.0 Bb	10.0 Aa	7.4
	S60	8.3 Aa	9.0 Aa	9.1 Aa	6.3 Bb	8.2
	Average	4.9	5.2	5.7	8.1
	F(p) S*A = 25.1 (0.03)			CV (%) = 15.7

UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras Universidade Federal de Lavras - Departamento de Ciências Florestais - Cx. P. 3037, 37200-000 Lavras - MG Brasil, Tel.: (55 35) 3829-1706, Fax: (55 35) 3829-1411 - Lavras - MG - Brazil
E-mail: cerne@dcf.ufla.br

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[1] Corresponding author: griebeleradriana@gmail.com