Effects of land use and topographic variables on distribution of pine mistletoe (<i>Viscum álbum</i> subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.) in northeastern Turkey

Usta, Ayhan; Yılmaz, Murat

doi:10.1590/01047760202127012618

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Forest ecology • CERNE 27 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202127012618 copy

Effects of land use and topographic variables on distribution of pine mistletoe (Viscum álbum subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm.) in northeastern Turkey

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Background:

This study evaluated the distribution of pine mistletoe in Scots pine ecosystems in relation to topographic variables and land uses. A total of 109 sample plots were selected from pure Scots pine forests in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. The 6-class dwarf mistletoe rating was used for infection severity. Pearson correlation analysis results showed signiﬁcant relationships between mistletoe infection severity and topographic variables in 30 m buffer and land use in 500 m buffer.

Results:

Of the sample plots, 69 (63%) were mistletoe infected, and 40 (37%) were uninfected. The t-test results showed that there was a signiﬁcant difference between mean topographic variables and land use in mistletoe infected and uninfected sample plots. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis showed that altitude, productive forest, slope, and road distance were the most signiﬁcant predictors of the distribution of pine mistletoe as topographic variables and land uses.

Conclusion:

The common direction of mistletoe infected areas, in addition to Scots pine ecosystems, was low altitudes, sheltered valleys, more humid areas and different land use (agriculture, road and stream).

Keywords:
Digital elevation model; forest; parasitic plants; moisture; terrain

UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras Universidade Federal de Lavras - Departamento de Ciências Florestais - Cx. P. 3037, 37200-000 Lavras - MG Brasil, Tel.: (55 35) 3829-1706, Fax: (55 35) 3829-1411 - Lavras - MG - Brazil
E-mail: cerne@dcf.ufla.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] ^✤ ayhanusta@hotmail.com

Climate Parameters	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII	IX	X	XI	XII	Annual
Measurement period (1961-2019)
Temperature (^oC)	-1.7	-0.4	3.8	9.4	13.7	17.2	20.2	20.3	16.7	11.4	5.1	0.5	9.7
Max. temperature (^oC)	2.8	5.0	9.8	16.1	21.0	24.9	28.1	28.8	25.3	18.6	10.5	4.7	16.3
Min. temperature (^oC)	-5.6	-5.0	-1.1	3.7	7.6	10.6	13.7	13.8	10.0	5.8	0.7	-3.1	4.3
Sunshine duration (h)	1.3	3.7	5.0	6.0	7.4	9.0	10.0	9.7	7.9	5.4	2.2	0.8	68.4
Number of rainy days	11.0	10.7	12.6	13.8	15.6	10.3	4.0	3.6	5.4	9.5	10.1	11.5	118.1
Monthly total Precipitation (mm)	36.2	32.3	43.5	60.4	68.2	46.8	12.1	12.9	21.7	45.1	41.9	41.0	462.1

Acronym	Variables	Ecological Importance	Description
ALT	Altitude	Temperature, moisture, CO₂ pressure.	Altitude above sea level (m).
SL	Slope	Solar radiation, terrain stability, soil moisture.	Slope in percent.
RI	Radiation Index	Solar radiation and precipitation.	North-northeast (the coolest and wettest), south-southwest (the hotter-dryer). From 0 to 1.
NORTH	Northern exposure	Summer and winter solar radiation.	Relation to north (1 to −1).
EAST	Eastern exposure	Morning/afternoon solar radiation, wind, moisture.	Relation to east (1 to −1)
TPI	Topographic Position Index	Soil moisture and erosion, wind exposure.	tpi > 0 (ridge), tpi < 0 (valley), tpi ~ 0 (constant slope, flat area, or saddle).
SEI	Site Exposure Index	Soil moisture, solar radiation.	from -100 to 100 from coolest to warmest locations.

	Infected stands				Uninfected stands
	Min	Max	Mean	SE	Min	Max	Mean	SE
Topographic variables
Altitude (m)	1003	1965	1487	32.2	1209	2228	1762	39.3
Topographic position Index	-117.0	85.0	-24.9	4.3	-91.0	81.0	-5.4	7.3
Slope (%)	10.0	83.0	45.5	2.3	10.0	97.0	52.1	2.8
Site exposure	-43.0	38.0	-3.2	2.3	-38.0	38.0	0.3	3.0
Radiation index	0.01	0.98	0.39	0.04	0.01	0.99	0.53	0.05
Exposure to east	-0.72	0.70	0.00	0.04	-0.70	0.78	-0.03	0.06
Exposure to north	-0.78	0.94	0.06	0.05	-0.76	0.79	-0.01	0.06
Road distance (m)	0.0	238.8	70.4	6.4	0.0	3,357.5	392.4	129.0
Stream distance (m)	0.0	1278.0	324.1	36.5	13.0	1,381.0	466.6	49.9
Land use (500 m buffer)
Agriculture (%)	0.0	59.2	13.0	1.5	0.0	42.7	5.6	1.6
Pasture (%)	0.0	52.9	11.7	1.9	0.0	72.6	12.6	2.7
Degraded forest (%)	0.0	100.0	33.0	3.0	0.0	67.4	18.4	2.7
Productive forest (%)	0.0	98.8	42.4	3.0	0.0	99.4	63.4	4.0
Road density (m.ha^-1)	0.00	66.83	15.33	1.61	0.00	37.05	6.53	1.60
Forest road density (m.ha^-1)	0.00	35.86	12.14	1.35	0.00	46.16	13.57	1.98
Total road density (m.ha^-1)	11.10	133.67	42.81	2.67	0.00	74.10	26.63	3.22
Stream density (m.ha^-1)	0.00	24.52	8.58	0.82	0.00	20.23	5.10	1.05

Parameters	Acronym	Status	Mean	SE	Effect (p)	Percent change
Topographic variables
Altitude (m)	ALT	Uninfected	1762	39.30	0.000*	-18.5
		Infected	1487	32.22
Topographic position index	TPI	Uninfected	-5.40	7.34	0.015*	78.3
		Infected	-24.91	4.27
Slope (%)	SL	Uninfected	52.05	2.82	0.079	-14.5
		Infected	45.46	2.30
Site exposure index	SEI	Uninfected	0.30	2.99	0.355	109.3
		Infected	-3.24	2.33
Radiation index	RI	Uninfected	0.53	0.05	0.033*	-33.8
		Infected	0.39	0.04
Exposure to east	EAST	Uninfected	-0.03	0.06	0.621	1189.5
		Infected	0.00	0.04
Exposure to north	NORTH	Uninfected	-0.01	0.06	0.386	110.1
		Infected	0.06	0.05
Road distance (m)	RDI	Uninfected	392.41	128.98	0.001*	-457.4
		Infected	70.40	6.40
Stream distance (m)	SDI	Uninfected	466.55	49.88	0.022*	-44.0
		Infected	324.07	36.53
Land use (500 m buffer)
Agriculture (%)	AGR	Uninfected	5.61	1.63	0.002*	56.8
		Infected	12.99	1.54
Pasture (%)	PST	Uninfected	12.60	2.71	0.775	-7.9
		Infected	11.68	1.88
Degraded forest (%)	DF	Uninfected	18.42	2.69	0.001*	44.1
		Infected	32.97	2.95
Productive forest (%)	PF	Uninfected	63.37	4.00	0.000*	-49.6
		Infected	42.36	3.01
Road density (m.ha^-1)	RDE	Uninfected	6.53	1.60	0.000*	57.4
		Infected	15.33	1.61
Forest road density (m.ha^-1)	FDE	Uninfected	13.57	1.98	0.539	-11.8
		Infected	12.14	1.35
Total road density (m.ha^-1)	TDE	Uninfected	26.63	3.22	0.000*	37.8
		Infected	42.81	2.67
Stream density (m.ha^-1)	SDE	Uninfected	5.10	1.05	0.010*	40.6
		Infected	8.58	0.82

Classification table
			Predicted
		Mistletoe		Percentage correct
		Uninfected	Infected	Percentage correct
Step 1	Mistletoe	Uninfected	21	19	52.5
	Mistletoe	Infected	13	56	81.2
	Overall percentage				70.6
Step 2	Mistletoe	Uninfected	26	14	65.0
	Mistletoe	Infected	10	59	85.5
	Overall percentage				78.0
Step 3	Mistletoe	Uninfected	29	11	72.5
	Mistletoe	Infected	7	62	89.9
	Overall percentage				83.5
Step 4	Mistletoe	Uninfected	29	11	72.5
	Mistletoe	Infected	5	64	92.8
	Overall percentage				85.3

	Variables	B	S.E.	Wald	df	Sig.	Exp(B)
Step 1	Altitude (m)	-0.004	0.001	18.388	1	0.000	0.996
Step 1	Constant	7.235	1.611	20.168	1	0.000	1,387.80
Step 2	Productive forest (%)	-0.029	0.010	8.877	1	0.003	0.971
	Altitude (m)	-0.004	0.001	14.548	1	0.000	0.996
	Constant	8.562	1.867	21.025	1	0.000	5,231.08
Step 3	Productive forest (%)	-0.027	0.010	7.147	1	0.008	0.973
	Slope (%)	-0.037	0.015	6.325	1	0.012	0.963
	Altitude (m)	-0.005	0.001	16.985	1	0.000	0.995
	Constant	11.766	2.455	22.974	1	0.000	128,745.77
Step 4	Productive forest (%)	-0.025	0.011	5.565	1	0.018	0.975
	Road distance (m)	-0.004	0.003	2.014	1	0.156	0.996
	Slope (%)	-0.037	0.016	5.615	1	0.018	0.964
	Altitude (m)	-0.005	0.001	15.300	1	0.000	0.995
	Constant	12.115	2.594	21.815	1	0.000	182,680.58