EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF CHILDREN INFECTED BY THE NEW CORONAVIRUS: CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Damasceno, Dayvanne Pereira Soares da Silva; Silva, Aline Cerqueira Santos Santana da; Portela, Luciana Fernandes; Góes, Fernanda Garcia Bezerra; Martinez, Elena Araujo; Neves, Gisele de Lima

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Cogitare Enferm. 27 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.5380/ce.v27i0.82798 copy

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF CHILDREN INFECTED BY THE NEW CORONAVIRUS: CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to describe the epidemiological profile of children infected by the new coronavirus from the notifications of cases to the Ministry of Health.

Method:

epidemiological, cross-sectional, and descriptive study, carried out through the notifications in the Epidemiological Surveillance Information System of Influenza from the first to the twentieth epidemiological week of 2021. Notifications from children aged zero to nine years were included. Variables were analyzed using bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.

Results:

3,041 cases were notified, among which 414 (13.6%) confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19. Children between six and nine years old were 1.33 times more likely to develop COVID-19 and be admitted to the intensive care unit (CR=1.46; CI: 1.12-1.87) and had a greater chance (CR=3.30; CI: 1.92-5.66) of dying.

Conclusion:

the findings contribute to guide and modulate interventions aimed at mitigating transmission and control of aggravations about COVID-19 in children.

DESCRIPTORS
Child; Coronavirus Infections; Child Health; Epidemiology; Pandemics

Variable's name	Categorization	Variable Description	Analysis
Age	0-5 years old; 6-9 years old.	Age reported by the patient	Pearson chi-square test; Odds ratio (95% CI) and Multivariate logistic regression
Gender	Female; Male	Patient gender	Pearson's chi-square test; odds ratio (95% CI).
Skin Color	White; Black; Brown (yellow and indigenous races were excluded from the analysis).	Patient's self-declared color or race	Pearson's chi-square test; odds ratio (95% CI).
Notification Area	Urban; Rural; Peri-urban.	Geographic area of the patient's home address	Pearson's chi-square test; Chance ration (95% CI) and multivariate logistic regression.
Notification Region	North; Northeast; South; Midwest; Southeast.	Region of the country	Pearson's chi-square test; odds ratio (95% CI).
There was an admission	Yes, No	Has the patient been hospitalized?	Pearson chi-square test; Odds ratio (95% CI).
Admitted to ICU	Yes, No.	Was the patient admitted to the ICU?	Pearson chi-square test; Odds ratio (95% CI) and Multivariate logistic regression.
Use of ventilatory support	Yes, No.	Did the patient use ventilatory support?	Pearson chi-square test; Odds ratio (95% CI).
Normal x-ray	Yes, No	Inform chest x-ray results	Pearson chi-square test; Odds ratio (95% CI).
Evolution	Cure; Death.	Evolution of the case	Pearson chi-square test; Odds ratio (95% CI) and Multivariate logistic regression.
Signs and symptoms: Fever; Cough; Sore throat; Dyspnea	Yes, No (for all signs and symptoms).	Did the patient have any of the listed signs and symptoms?	Pearson's chi-square test; odds ratio (95% CI) and multivariate logistic regression.
Respiratory distress; O2 saturation < 95%.	Yes, No (for all signs and symptoms).	Did the patient have any of the listed signs and symptoms?	Pearson’s chi-square test; odds ratio (95% CI).

Characteristics studied		n (%)
Gender
	Female	1304 (42,9)
	Male	1733(57)
	Missing data	4 (0,1)
Age
	0 to 5 years old	677 (22,30
	6 to 9 years old	2364 (77,7)
Skin Color
	White	938 (30,8)
	Blacks	98 (3,2)
	Browns	1340 (44,1)
	Indigenous	16 (0,5)
	Yellow	21 (0,7)
	Missing Data	628 (20,7)
Notification Area
	Urban	2454 (92,5)
	Rural	139 (5,2)
	Peri-urban	60 (2,3)
	Missing data	388 (12,8)
Reporting Region
	Southeast	1535 (5,5)
	North	218 (7,2)
	Northeast	712 (23,4))
	South	343 (11,3)
	Center-West	233 (2,7)
There was admission
	No	49 (1,6)
	Yes	2903 (95,5)
	Missing data	89 (2,9)
Admitted to ICU
	No	1890 (62,2)
	Yes	636 (20,9)
	Missing data	515 (16,9)
Normal X-ray
	Yes	334 (23,5)
	No	880 (62)
	Missing data	206 (14,5)
Use of ventilatory support
	No	1015 (33,4)
	Yes	1435 (47,2)
	Missing data	591 (19,4)
Saturation <95%
	No	959 (40,9)
	Yes	1353 (57,7)
	Missing Data	34 (1,4)
Fever
	No	676 (22,2)
	Yes	1938 (63,8)
	Missing data	427 (14)
Cough
	No	478 (15,7)
	Yes	2241 (73,7)
	Missing data	322 (10,6)
Sore throat
	No	1961 (64,5)
	Yes	293 (9,6)
	Missing data	787 (25,9)
Dyspnea
	No	789 (25,9)
	Yes	1720 (56,6)
	Missing data	532 (17,5)
Respiratory Distress
	No	711 (23,4)
	Yes	1733 (57)
	Missing data	597 (19,6)
Evolution
	Cure	2091 (72)
	Death	60 (2,1)
	Missing Data	752 (25,9)

		Positive Diagnosis for COVID-19
		N (%)	CR (CI 95%)^* * Analyses based on Odds Ratios (CR) and respective confidence intervals (95% CI)	p
Sociodemographic variables
Gender
	Female	179 (13,7)	1
	Male	235 (13,6)	1,01 (0,83-1,25)	0,985
Age
	0 to 5 years old	303 (12,8)	1
	6 to 9 years old	111 (16,4)	1,33 (1,05-1,69)	0,017
Skin Color
	White	132 (13,3)	1
	Blacks	15 (14,4)	0,91 (0,51-1,62)	0,742
	Brunet	208 (14,9)	0,88 (0,70-1,11)	0,274
Notification Area
	Urban	325 (13,2)	1
	Rural	32 (23)	1,96 (1,30-2,96)	0,001
	Peri-urban	5 (8,3)	0,60 (0,24-1,50)	0,271
Reporting Region
	Southeast	173 (11,3)	1
	North	67 (30,7)	3,49 (2,52-4,85)	<0,0001
	Northeast	103 (14,5)	1,33 (1,03-1,73)	0,032
	South	42 (12,2)	1,01 (0,77-1,58)	0,608
	Center-West	29 (12,4)	1,12 (0,73-1,70)	0,577
Clinical variables
Had hospitalization
	No	13 (26,5)	1
	Yes	382 (13,2)	0,42 (0,22-0,80)	0,006
Admitted to ICU
	No	228 (12,1)	1
	Yes	106 (16,7)	1,46 (1,12-1,87)	0,003
Normal X-ray
	Yes	35 (10,5)	1
	No	101 (11,5)	1,11 (0,74-1,66)	0,622
Use of ventilatory support
	No	145 (14,3)	1
	Yes	185 (12,9)	0,89 (0,70-1,12)	0,32
Saturation <95%
	No	134 (14)	1
	Yes	176 (13)	0,92 (0,72-1,17)	0,502
Associated Symptoms
Fever
	No	74 (10,9)	1
	Yes	280 (14,4)	1,27 (1,03-1,58)	0,022
Cough
	No	84 (17,6)	1
	Yes	275 (12,3)	0,66 (0,50-0,86)	0,002
Sore throat
	No	202 (12,3)	1
	Yes	62 (21)	1,94 (1,41-2,66)	<0,0001
Dyspnea
	No	122 (15,5)	1
	Yes	205 (11,9)	0,74 (0,58-0,94)	0,014
Respiratory discomfort
	No	120 (16,9)	1
	Yes	209 (12,1)	0,67 (0,53-0,86)	0,002
Evolution
	Cure	264 (15,3)	1
	Death	22 (37,1)	3,30 (1,92-5,66)	<0,0001

Variables		Multivariate logistic regression model - CR (CI 95%)^* * Analyses based on Odds Ratios (CR) and respective confidence intervals (95% CI)
Variables		Block I	Block II	Block III
Age
	0 to 5 years old	1	1	1
	6 to 9 years old	1,17 (0,82-1,68)	1,08 (0,75-1,56)	1,11 (0,77-1,61)
Notification Area
	Urban	1	1	1
	Rural	1,76 (0,81-3,80)	1,82 (0,83-3,97)	1,60 (0,71-3,60)
	Peri-urban	0,73 (0,82-1,68)	1,08 (0,75-1,56)	1,11 (0,77-1,61)
Fever
	No		1	1
	Yes		1,50 (1,03-2,18)	1,53 (1,50-2,24)
Cough
	No		1	1
	Yes		0,59 (0,41-0,86)	0,64 (0,44-0,93)
Sore throat
	Yes		1	1
	No		1,65 (1,05-2,62)	1,74 (1,10-2,76)
Dyspnea
	Yes		1	1
	No		0,83 (0,59-1,17)	0,77 (0,54-1,10)
Admitted to ICU
	No			1
	Yes			1,27 (0,85-1,90)
Evolution
	Cured			1
	Death			4,37 (1,98-9,63)

Universidade Federal do Paraná Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Cep: 80210-170, Brasil - Paraná / Curitiba, Tel: +55 (41) 3361-3755 - Curitiba - PR - Brazil
E-mail: cogitare@ufpr.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Corresponding author:
Dayvanne Pereira Soares da Silva Damasceno Universidade Federal Fluminense – Rio das Ostras, RJ, Brasil E-mail: dayvanenit@yahoo.com.br