The Lulismo thesis (Singer, 2012) is based on the idea that both Lula and Dilma’s electoral bases moved from the middle class to voters with an median average income of up to two minimum salaries. However, lulismo is more than that: it suggests that Lulismo allows for na improvement of living conditions of the poor without harming conservative sectors. The concept of weak reformism best captures this phenomenon, according to Singer. Our paper proposes an analysis of the Lula-Dilma period’s participatory policies from this theoretical standpoint. A central element of the PT’s participatory democracy project for Brazil, the so-called participatory institutions (PIs), mobilized new progressive sociopolitical actors coming from their traditional support bases. However, PIs remained quite limited in terms of their political effectiveness and lacked legitimacy against representative democratic institutions, which is coherent with lulismo.
Intitucional resilience; Institutional participation; National councils; Health; Women’s rights
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