Estimation of mean performance and heterosis in cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) based hybrids in cabbage

HR, Impa; Kumar, Ramesh; Dogra, R. K.

doi:10.1590/1984-70332023v23n1a3

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Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology

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ARTICLE • Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol. 23 (1) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332023v23n1a3 copy

Estimation of mean performance and heterosis in cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) based hybrids in cabbage

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The successful transfer of R-cytoplasm (Ogura)-induced cytoplasmic male sterility has aroused great interest in the development of hybrids in cabbage. An experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2020 to study the per se performance and estimate heterosis in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.), This crop is highly cross-pollinated; thus, exploitation of heterosis is an additional advantage. The experimental material consisted of an F₁ population of 18 crosses, resulting from three lines (CMS) crossed with six testers in a Line × Tester design, plus a standard check (Pusa Cabbage Hybrid-1). The per se performance and estimates of heterosis of the cross combinations L1 × T2, L2 × T2, L2 × T5, L3 × T2 and L3 × T5 were high for various horticultural parameters. Hence, after multilocation testing, these parents and crosses can be released to substitute existing cabbage varieties/hybrids.

Keywords:
R-cytoplasm; cabbage; cytoplasmic male sterility; heterosis; line × tester design

Sl. No.	Genotypes	Designation	Sl. No.	Genotypes	Designation
1.	UHF-CAB-CMS-20	L1	6.	UHF CAB -12	T3
2.	UHF-CAB-CMS-21	L2	7.	UHF CAB -13	T4
3.	UHF-CAB-CMS-22	L3	8.	UHF CAB -14	T5
4.	UHF CAB -10	T1	9.	UHF CAB -15	T6
5.	UHF CAB -11	T2	10.	Pusa Cabbage Hybrid -1	SC

Genotypes	Days to 50% marketable maturity	Number of non-wrapper leaves	Plant spread	Head compactness	Head shape index	Gross head weight
Lines
L1	86.67	15.53	56.93	29.92	0.88	1573.33
L2	97.33	15.43	52.80	41.25	1.00	1492.67
L3	111.00	13.47	55.97	54.95	0.83	1382.00
T1	111.33	13.07	49.80	38.91	0.89	1329.33
T2	97.00	13.47	48.40	40.15	0.91	1071.33
T3	107.00	16.20	50.13	37.25	0.84	1195.00
T4	106.67	14.63	52.23	45.13	0.85	1126.67
T5	110.67	13.37	53.13	28.06	0.85	1052.00
T6	109.33	15.97	55.07	22.30	0.80	1233.33
Range	86.67-111.33	13.07-16.20	48.40-56.93	22.30-54.95	0.80-1.00	1052.00-1573.33
Mean	104.11	14.57	52.72	37.55	0.87	1272.85
Crosses
L1×T1	95.33	12.11	51.47	38.80	0.91	1340.00
L1×T2	95.00	13.28	51.33	64.27	0.90	1481.67
L1×T3	90.33	13.18	46.37	42.75	0.87	1529.00
L1×T4	90.00	12.54	54.10	45.38	0.92	1274.33
L1×T5	89.33	12.11	52.53	42.41	0.83	1609.00
L1×T6	95.33	12.98	50.07	37.82	0.92	1522.33
L2×T1	89.00	12.38	52.87	41.83	0.91	1478.67
L2×T2	86.00	12.14	52.70	38.72	1.17	1480.00
L2×T3	85.33	14.48	52.33	34.11	0.95	1541.00
L2×T4	86.00	15.01	53.87	43.08	0.92	1501.00
L2×T5	87.00	14.94	57.40	33.13	0.89	1628.67
L2×T6	94.33	13.51	52.73	42.98	0.98	1396.00
L3×T1	95.00	11.18	53.07	47.99	0.83	1444.00
L3×T2	87.33	11.01	51.63	62.04	1.05	1344.67
L3×T3	94.33	12.31	53.40	49.74	1.02	1262.67
L3×T4	85.67	12.44	53.80	51.35	0.99	1456.00
L3×T5	85.67	13.61	50.50	37.39	0.83	1434.00
L3×T6	87.00	13.31	52.93	38.44	0.80	1626.00
Range	85.33-95.33	11.01-15.01	46.37-57.40	33.13-64.27	0.80-1.17	1262.67-1628.67
Mean	89.89	12.92	52.39	44.01	0.93	1463.83
SC	98.33	12.27	43.55	32.40	0.92	1257.67
S.E. (m)±	1.15	0.39	0.62	1.31	0.02	36.03
C.D. _(0.05)	3.28	1.10	1.76	3.71	0.07	102.44
#	18	5	0	18	5	18

Genotypes	Net head weight	Stalk length	Harvest index	Equatorial head diameter	Polar head diameter	Core size
Lines
L1	477.33	3.50	30.35	12.47	10.90	10.95
L2	577.00	3.87	38.68	11.17	11.20	10.24
L3	707.67	4.07	51.23	11.90	9.87	11.92
T1	674.67	3.93	50.78	12.73	11.30	14.35
T2	628.33	4.17	58.69	12.17	11.07	12.41
T3	493.33	4.50	41.32	11.93	10.03	13.43
T4	567.67	4.80	50.44	11.67	9.93	12.47
T5	469.00	5.17	44.60	12.87	10.87	11.74
T6	458.33	4.43	37.22	14.10	11.33	13.08
Range	458.33-707.67	3.50-5.17	30.35-58.69	11.17-14.10	9.87-11.33	10.24-14.35
Mean	561.48	4.27	44.81	12.33	10.72	12.29
Crosses
L1×T1	516.00	4.83	38.59	11.50	10.50	10.78
L1×T2	676.67	4.03	45.72	10.73	9.63	8.68
L1×T3	550.00	5.63	35.99	11.63	10.13	12.67
L1×T4	571.33	4.00	44.90	11.27	10.33	10.43
L1×T5	519.33	3.80	32.34	11.67	9.72	8.50
L1×T6	639.67	4.47	42.05	12.43	11.40	12.85
L2×T1	573.67	4.27	38.82	11.63	10.60	11.41
L2×T2	580.67	4.63	39.26	10.57	12.33	12.42
L2×T3	548.67	5.50	35.59	12.00	11.43	10.63
L2×T4	555.00	4.63	36.99	11.33	10.43	10.15
L2×T5	715.67	4.67	43.95	13.67	12.20	11.11
L2×T6	670.00	4.50	48.01	11.70	11.50	12.63
L3×T1	750.33	4.10	51.99	12.67	10.57	15.27
L3×T2	780.33	4.03	58.08	10.53	11.07	11.36
L3×T3	617.33	3.80	48.93	10.67	10.83	11.59
L3×T4	622.00	4.03	42.79	10.70	10.63	15.91
L3×T5	492.67	3.33	34.40	11.97	9.97	8.21
L3×T6	708.33	3.60	43.58	13.63	10.90	10.07
Range	492.67-780.33	3.33-5.63	32.34-58.08	10.53-13.67	9.63-12.33	8.21-15.91
Mean	615.98	4.33	42.33	11.68	10.79	11.37
SC	573.33	5.30	45.60	12.57	11.63	12.47
S.E. (m)±	11.67	0.16	1.06	0.20	0.17	0.67
C.D. _(0.05)	33.19	0.46	3.01	0.56	0.48	1.91
#	11	16	5	3	2	13

Genotypes	Total soluble solids	Ascorbic acid	Yield per plot	Yield per hectare
Lines
L1	9.27	16.60	9.33	122.91
L2	9.33	16.78	11.24	148.02
L3	9.27	16.60	13.89	182.96
T1	9.47	5.69	13.42	176.73
T2	9.27	10.46	12.03	158.46
T3	10.03	9.01	9.45	124.49
T4	9.50	5.63	11.07	145.78
T5	8.90	7.29	9.20	121.20
T6	9.30	3.97	9.11	119.92
Range	8.90-10.03	3.97-16.78	9.11-13.89	119.92-182.96
Mean	9.35	9.82	10.97	144.4967
Crosses
L1×T1	9.33	18.54	9.99	131.60
L1×T2	8.67	23.39	16.85	221.89
L1×T3	9.00	21.22	10.68	140.60
L1×T4	8.47	18.16	10.84	142.75
L1×T5	9.03	15.06	10.36	136.47
L1×T6	9.07	14.04	12.60	165.97
L2×T1	9.00	6.46	11.32	149.03
L2×T2	8.03	20.71	11.30	148.81
L2×T3	9.10	11.86	10.89	143.45
L2×T4	8.53	8.50	10.69	140.82
L2×T5	8.97	7.83	13.95	183.70
L2×T6	8.23	9.48	12.50	164.56
L3×T1	10.03	7.70	15.02	197.75
L3×T2	9.17	5.99	15.16	199.68
L3×T3	8.53	10.77	12.07	158.90
L3×T4	9.13	14.84	11.78	155.17
L3×T5	10.13	13.48	9.61	126.60
L3×T6	9.33	5.77	13.83	182.12
Range	8.03-10.13	5.77-23.39	9.61-16.85	126.60-221.89
Mean	8.99	12.99	12.19	160.55
SC	7.63	15.30	10.87	143.10
S.E. (m)±	0.14	0.21	0.22	2.89
C.D. _(0.05)	0.40	0.60	0.62	8.22
#	18	5	12	12

		Days to 50% marketable maturity	Number of non-wrapper leaves	Plant spread	Head compactness	Head shape index
Better parent heterosis	Range (%)	-22.59 to 10.00	18.26 to 11.77	9.09 to 8.88	-31.96 to 60.06	-10.75 to 20.92
	Mean (%)	-6.43	-7.39	1.93	1.3	1.87
	Mean (%)	-9.6	-7.39	1.93	1.3	1.87
	No. of promising better parent hybrids	11	9	5	5	4
	Promising hybrid	L3 × T5	L3 × T2	L1 × T6	L1 × T2	L3 × T3
		L3 × T6	L1 × T6	L1 × T3	L1 × T5	L3 × T4
		L3 × T4	L1 × T3	L2 × T6	L1 × T6	L2 × T2
		L3 × T1	L2 × T1	L3 × T5	L2 × T3	L3 × T2
		L1 × T3	L1 × T4	L3 × T6	L3 × T2
Economic heterosis	Range (%)	-13.22 to -3.05	-10.27 to 22.33	6.47 to 31.80	2.24 to 98.35	-13.99 to 25.54
	Mean (%)	-9.6	5.28	20.31	35.84	-0.18
	No. of promising economic hybrids	16	1	0	16	3
	Promising hybrid	L2 × T3	L3 × T2		L1 × T2	L2 × T2
		L3 × T4			L3 × T2	L3 × T2
		L3 × T5			L3 × T4	L3 × T3
		L2 × T2			L3 × T3
		L2 × T4			L3 × T1

		Gross head weight	Net head weight	Stalk length	Harvest index	Equatorial head diameter
Better parent heterosis	Range (%)	-19.00 to 17.66	-30.38 to 34.01	-18.10 to 60.95	-33.10 to 24.12	-17.02 to 6.19
	Mean (%)	-1.05	0.51	14.43	-12.63	-7.73
	No. of promising better parent hybrids	2	8	1	2	1
	Promising hybrid	L3 × T6	L1 × T6	L3 × T5	L2 × T6	L2 × T5
		L1 × T5	L2 × T5		L1 × T6
			L2 × T6
			L1 × T3
			L3 × T2
Economic heterosis	Range (%)	0.40 to 29.50	-14.07 to 36.11	-37.11 to 6.29	-29.08 to 27.38	-16.20 to 8.72
	Mean (%)	16.39	7.44	-18.38	-7.16	-7.05
	No. of promising economic hybrids	14	9	15	3	2
	Promising hybrid	L2 × T5	L3 × T2	L3 × T5	L3 × T2	L2 × T5
		L3 × T6	L3 × T1	L3 × T6	L3 × T1	L3 × T6
		L1 × T5	L2 × T5	L3 × T3	L3 × T3
		L2 × T3	L3 × T6	L1 × T5
		L1 × T3	L2 × T6	L1 × T4

		Polar head diameter	Core size	Total soluble solids	Ascorbic acid	Yield per plot
Better parent heterosis	Range (%)	-12.98 to 10.12	-30.10 to 33.47	-14.92 to 11.72	-61.52 to 40.90	-30.79 to 40.07
	Mean (%)	-3.19	3.31	-4.97	-16.58	1.94
	No. of promising better parent hybrids	2	3	1	6	8
	Promising hybrid	L2 × T2	L3 × T5	L3 × T5	L1 × T2	L1 × T2
		L2 × T5	L1 × T5		L1× T3	L1 × T6
			L1 × T2		L2 × T2	L2 × T5
					L3 × T4	L1 × T3
					L1 × T1	L2 × T6
Economic heterosis	Range (%)	-17.17 to 6.05	-34.19 to 27.59	5.29 to 32.81	-62.31 to 52.88	-11.56 to 55.01
	Mean (%)	-6.71	-8.82	17.79	-15.1	12.16
	No. of promising economic hybrids	2	6	18	5	9
	Promising hybrid	L2 × T2	L3 × T5	L3 × T5	L1 × T2	L1 × T2
		L2 × T5	L1 × T5	L3 × T1	L1 × T3	L3 × T2
			L1 × T2	L3 × T6	L2 × T2	L3 × T1
			L3 × T4	L3 × T2	L1 × T1	L2 × T5
			L1 × T4	L3 × T4	L1 × T4	L3 × T6

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