Genetic control of agronomic efficiency of nitrogen use in maize

Carvalho, Maisa Nascimento; Oliveira, Gustavo Hugo Ferreira de; Souza Júnior, Claudio Lopes de; Môro, Gustavo Vitti

doi:10.1590/1984-70332023v23n2a21

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Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology

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ARTICLE • Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol. 23 (2) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332023v23n2a21 copy

Genetic control of agronomic efficiency of nitrogen use in maize

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim was to study the genetic control of the agronomic efficiency at low N availability in maize. Experiments were conducted in seven environments in a square lattice design with 49 hybrids, consisting of 48 crosses and one commercial hybrid, evaluated with and without application of N in top dressing. Grain yields with (GYHN) and without (GYLN) application of nitrogen in top dressing were assessed, and these traits were used to calculate the agronomic efficiency at low N availability (AELN) and the harmonic mean of the relative performance (HMRP). According to the joint analysis of variance of the diallel crosses and the estimates of the general and specific combining abilities, these traits were highly significant. Note that in general AELN was controlled by non-additive genetic effects and the hybrids H7, H3, H47 and H10 and the lines IG3-2, IG3-1, IG4-5, IG4-1 and IG4-6 show higher grain yield without top dressing.

Keywords:
Additive and non-additive genes; general combining ability; specific combining ability; diallel crosses; nitrogen use efficiency

Environment	Acronym	Crop year	Crop season	Municipality - Experimental station
1	1E1314	2013/2014	1st	Piracicaba - Department of Genetics
2	1S1314	2013/2014	1st	Piracicaba - Sertãozinho
3	1U1314	2013/2014	1st	Jaboticabal - FEPE
4	2U1314	2013/2014	2nd	Jaboticabal - FEPE
5	1E1415	2014/2015	1st	Piracicaba - Department of Genetics
6	1S1415	2014/2015	1st	Piracicaba - Sertãozinho
7	1U1415	2014/2015	1st	Jaboticabal - FEPE

SV	df	GYLN	GYHN	AELN	HMRP
GCA IG3	7	4.04**	15.09**	0.072	0.16**
GCA IG4	5	10.96**	26.12**	0.153**	0.34**
SCA	35	2.22**	2.10**	0.074*	0.035**
GCA IG3* ENV	42	4.70**	2.15**	0.091**	0.055**
GCA IG4* ENV	30	3.20**	1.62*	0.085**	0.050**
SCA* ENV	210	2.04**	1.26	0.071**	0.025**
REP	1	0.82	0.63	0.066	0.066
REP*ENV	12	240.92**	246.99**	2.72**	4.73**
Residual	329	1.24	1.07	0.044	0.015
GCA (%)		52	76	33	70
SCA (%)		48	24	67	30

Components of phenotypic variance	GYLN	GYHN	AELN	HMRP
$σ_{\bar{F}}^{2}$	0.32	0.48	0.0064	0.007
$σ_{H x E}^{2}$	0.77	0.32	0.019	0.010
$σ^{2}$	0.99	0.89	0.039	0.012
${\hat{V}}_{H}$	0.14	0.37	0.0008	0.0046
$H_{H}^{2} (%)$	43.15	77.41	12.36	66.33

Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Fitotecnia, 36570-000 Viçosa - Minas Gerais/Brasil, Tel.: (55 31)3899-2611, Fax: (55 31)3899-2611 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: cbab@ufv.br

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