Genealogy and genetic base of Brazilian cotton cultivars

Cruz, Pâmella Laysa de Moura; Farias, Francisco José Correia; Oliveira, Iêda Ferreira de; Silva, Edson Ferreira da

doi:10.1590/1984-70332023v23n2a14

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Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology

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ARTICLE • Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol. 23 (2) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332023v23n2a14 copy

Genealogy and genetic base of Brazilian cotton cultivars

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Cotton is an essential worldwide commodity, and Brazil ranks fourth in world production and second in export. The present work aimed to gather the genealogies and estimate the genetic base of 109 Brazilian cotton cultivars released from 1932 to 2021. Twelve of the 68 ancestors identified contributed with 52.03% of the genes, and 33% of the cultivars resulted from the direct selection from landraces or old cultivars, evidencing a narrow genetic base. Over time, especially after 1990, the increases in the number of cultivars released and number of ancestors added to the breeding programs were driven by the need to reduce the cultivars' cycle for coexistence with pests and to make them suitable for mechanized cultivation in the new agricultural frontiers. However, Brazilian cotton cultivars still have a narrow genetic base, with the important participation of the ancestors CNPA SRI3, CKR 100W, C-77 and Express.

Keywords:
Pedigree; cotton genitors; genetic diversity; coefficient of parentage

Ancestors	RGC (%)	AGC (%)	FAP (%)	Ancestors	RGC (%)	AGC (%)	FAP (%)
CNPA SRI3	10.00	10.00	11.92	Delta Pineland	1.00	82.71	0.91
CKR 100 W	6.70	16.70	22.93	D&PLD	1.00	83.71	30.27
C-74	4.60	21.30	4.58	5242 A	1.00	84.71	30.27
Express	4.60	25.90	33.90	2128 R	1.00	85.71	30.27
GH-11-975	4.40	30.30	7.33	Bightmasterx39-11-20	0.83	86.54	14.67
Stoneville 2B	4.02	34.32	10.09	KA 4808-5(1&2) D	0.83	87.37	14.67
Jonh Cotton Polycross	3.60	37.92	30.27	Mataco	0.70	88.07	3.66
FOX	3.60	41.52	30.27	Guazuncho	0.70	88.77	3.66
Deltapine	3.00	44.52	6.42	DP 6100 Acala	0.50	89.27	3.66
Texas Bigboll	2.80	47.32	2.75	SU 0450	0.50	89.77	1.83
ISA 20	2.30	49.62	3.66	Nu - H04	0.50	90.27	1.83
Sel. Lone Star	2.41	52.03	23.85	E 43	0.50	90.77	0.91
IAC-20-RR-740	2.06	54.09	2.75	Reba Tk/1	0.50	91.27	0.91
Sicala33	2.00	56.09	8.25	NU-16	0.50	91.77	0.91
8 to Acala Lines	2.00	58.09	30.27	AFC 65-5236	0.50	92.27	0.91
AXTE	2.00	60.09	30.27	CHACO 110	0.50	92.77	0.91
Foster 120	2.00	62.09	3.66	8909	0.50	93.27	1.83
KA 4808-5(1&2) A X PM54-M-105-3	1.64	63.73	14.67	OC 92 - 165	0.50	93.77	0.91
DP 62 X CSIRO	1.44	65.17	7.33	Sicala	0.50	94.27	0.91
C-80-18-80	1.40	66.57	2.75	Suregrow 31	0.50	94.77	0.91
Acala Del Cerro	1.40	67.97	1.83	Sicala VI	0.50	95.27	0.91
Acala 1517-70	1.30	69.27	9.17	S 6026	0.50	95.77	0.91
CHACO 520	1.25	70.52	4.58	Island 552	050	96.27	0.91
Sicala 34	1.15	71.67	2.75	PR 3060/87	0.50	96.77	0.91
Georgia King	1.04	72.71	4.58	Yucatanense	0.50	97.27	1.83
Sel. Beat- All	1.00	73.71	23.85	AC 239	0.40	97.67	8.25
C-100-7-81	1.00	74.71	1.83	JA 348	0.40	98.07	8.25
D3 - 79	1.00	75.71	1.83	Stoneville 7	0.30	98.37	7.33
S 295	1.00	76.71	2.75	Sure Grow 125	0.30	98.67	2.75
DPL	1.00	77.71	0.91	P 288	0.23	98.90	0.91
Stoneville B-1439	1.00	78.71	1.83	CNPA 86-387	0.23	99.13	0.91
Allen 50T	1.00	79.71	1.83	Cook 312 RF	0.20	99.33	3.66
Allen 333 - 154 -t	1.00	80.71	1.83	Arkansas Green	0.06	99.39	0.91
Acala	1.00	81.71	0.91	Donor RR	0.03	99.42	2.75

Period	Number cultivars	Number ancestors	ANAC	AGC 4 (%)	NAGB (%)					NA/NC
Period	Number cultivars	Number ancestors	ANAC	AGC 4 (%)	50	60	70	80	90	NA/NC
1932-1962	12	8	1.25	88.33	2	3	3	4	5	0.667
1963-1992	23	28	2.73	50.55	4	7	9	12	17	1.217
1993-2021	74	58	6.48	28.63	11	16	22	29	39	0.784
Total	109	68	5.36	25.90	12	16	23	33	45	0.624

Ancestors	RGC (%)	AGC (%)	FAP (%)
Period 1932-1962
Express	33.33	33.33	33.33
Texas Bigboll	25.00	58.33	25.00
Stoneville 2B	16.67	75.00	25.00
Foster 120	8.33	83.33	16.67
Delta Pineland	8.33	91.66	8.33
CKR 100W	4.16	95.82	8.33
Sel. Beat- All	0.52	96.34	8.33
Sel. Lone Star	3.65	99.99	8.33
Period 1963-1992
C-74	17.39	17.39	17.39
CKR 100 W	13.04	30.43	39.13
Sel. Lone Star	11.41	41.84	39.13
Deltapine	8.71	50.55	1.39
GH-11-975	4.35	54.90	4.34
Stoneville B-1439	4.35	59.25	8.69
Allen 50T	4.35	63.60	8.89
Allen 333 - 154 -t	4.35	67.95	8.69
Stoneville 2B	4.35	72.30	8.69
Foster 120	4.35	76.65	8.69
E 43	2.17	78.82	4.34
Reba Tk/1	2.17	80.99	4.34
CNPA SRI3	2.17	83.16	4.34
Sicala 34	2.17	85.33	4.34
NU-16	2.17	87.50	4.34
AFC 65-523	2.17	89.67	4.34
Acala 1517-70	2.17	91.84	4.34
Sel. Beat-All	1.64	93.47	3.13
Jonh Cotton Polycross	1.09	94.56	4.34
Yucatanense	1.09	95.65	4.34
Nu - H04	1.09	96.74	4.34
Fox	1.09	97.83	4.34
8 to Acala Lines	0.54	98.37	4.34
Axte	0.54	98.91	4.34
Express	0.27	99.18	4.34
2128 R	0.27	99.45	4.34
5242 A	0.27	99.72	4.34
D&PLD	0.27	99.99	4.34
Period 1993-2021			.
CNPA SRI3	13.85	13.85	16.21
GH-11-9-75	5.06	18.91	10.81
CKR 100 W	5.00	23.91	20.27
Jonh Cotton Polycross	4.70	28.63	43.24
FOX	4.72	33.33	43.24
Sel. Lone Star	4.22	37.55	20.27
ISA 20	3.37	40.92	5.40
IAC-20-RR-740	2.06	42.98	4.05
Sicala 33	2.90	45.88	12.16
8 to Acala Lines	2.60	48.48	43.24
Acala 1517-70	2.54	51.02	14.86
AXTE	2.50	53.52	43.24
KA 4808-5(1&2) A X PM54-M-105-3	2.30	55.82	22.97
Acala Del Cerro	2.02	57.84	2.70
C-80-18-80	2.02	59.86	4.05
DP 62 X CSIRO	2.02	61.88	10.81
Stoneville 2B	1.90	63.78	8.10
CHACO 520	1.84	65.62	6.75
Georgia King	1.53	67.15	6.75
S 295	1.40	68.55	4.05
C-100-7-81	1.40	69.95	2.70
D3 - 79	1.40	71.35	2.70
DPL	1.40	72.75	1.35
Acala	1.40	74.15	1.35
Island 552	1.40	75.55	1.35
C-74	1.40	76.95	1.35
Sure Grow 125	1.26	78.21	4.05
D&PLD	1.21	79.42	43.24
Express	1.21	80.63	43.24
5242 A	1.21	81.84	43.24
2128 R	1.21	83.05	43.24
Bightmasterx39-11-20	1.15	84.20	20.97
KA 4808-5(1&2) D	1.15	85.35	20.97
Sicala 34	1.01	86.36	2.70
DP 6100 Acala	0.94	87.30	5.40
Mataco	0.92	88.22	5.40
Guazuncho	0.92	89.14	5.40
Sel. Beat-All	0.73	89.87	20.27
OC 92 - 165	0.70	90.57	1.35
Sicala	0.70	91.27	1.35
Sicala VI	0.70	91.97	1.35
SU 0450	0.70	92.67	2.70
CHACO 110	0.70	93.37	1.35
8909	0.70	94.07	2.70
PR 3060/87	0.70	94.77	1.35
Suregrow 31	0.70	95.47	1.35
S 6026	0.70	96.17	1.35
Stoneville 7	0.70	96.87	9.45
AC 239	0.34	97.21	10.81
JA 348	0.34	97.55	10.81
CNPA 86-387	0.33	97.88	1.35
Yucatanense	0.33	98.21	1.35
Nu-H04	0.33	98.54	1.35
P 288	0.33	98.87	1.35
Cook 312 RF	0.21	99.08	5.40
Deltapine	0.17	99.25	1.35
Arkansas Green	0.08	99.33	1.35
Donor RR	0.08	99.41	4.05

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