Genotype x environment interaction in the iron and zinc biofortification of common bean grains

Ligarreto, Gustavo

doi:10.1590/1984-70332023v23n2a13

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Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology

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ARTICLE • Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol. 23 (2) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332023v23n2a13 copy

Genotype x environment interaction in the iron and zinc biofortification of common bean grains

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Bean breeding programs have focused on the generation of early bush cultivars with higher yields, commercial acceptance and resistance to crop-limiting diseases. This study prioritized the nutritional quality in terms of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content in bean grains grown in three high tropical environments. Two bush bean cultivars and five climbing bean cultivars were evaluated. The mineral content of the grains was determined with atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results indicated that the bush genotypes Bacatá and Bianca are biofortified with Fe and Zn and the climbing cultivar Sutagao is biofortified with Zn. Statistical differences were found between genotypes (G), environments (E) and GxE interactions. According to the AMMI stability value (ASV), the cultivars Sutagao, Bianca and Iraca were stable, whereas Bacatá, which was the one with the highest nutritional quality, was moderately stable. The Simijaca environment showed an adequate edaphic contribution to bean production with nutritional quality.

Keywords:
Grain quality traits; multi-environment; SREG; AMMI stability value; stability index

Variable	Unit	Location		Correlation (r)
Variable	Unit	Simijaca	Gama	Gachalá	Fe in grain	Zn in grain
Texture		Clay	Loam	Clay loam
pH		5.3	4.5	4.7	+*	+
OC¹	%	6.37	12.1	6.75	-	-
N	%	0.55	1.04	0.58	-	-
P	mg kg^-1	45.3	1.63	17.3	+	+
K	meq 100 g	2.26	0.54	0.47	+	+**
Ca	meq 100 g	8.52	3.08	7.34	+	+
Mg	meq 100 g	4.93	1.06	1.11	+	+*
Fe	mg kg^-1	393	191	220	+*	+
Zn	mg kg^-1	9.18	0.59	0.99	+	+*
Na	meq 100 g	0.54	0.1	0.07	+	+*
Al	meq 100 g	0.35	5.29	2.11	-	-
ECEC	meq 100 g	16.6	10.1	11.1	+*	+
Cu	mg kg^-1	0.92	0.16	0.75	+	+
Mn	mg kg^-1	13.8	3.67	2.42	+	+*
B	mg kg^-1	0.31	<0.12	<0.12	+	+*
Ca/Mg		1.73	2.91	6.61	-	-
Grain yield	t ha^-1	3.34	3.12	2.67	-0.60**	0.21
Fe in grain	mg kg^-1					0.41

Sources of variation	df		SREG, Mean squares		AMMI, Mean squares
Sources of variation	df		Fe	Zn	Fe	Zn
Environment (E)	2		493.96**	349.60**	493.96**	349.60**
Genotype (G)	6		758.78**	20.09**	758.78**	20.09**
G x E	12		68.92**	10.45**	68.92**	10.45**
IPCA1	7		752.57**	22.00**	109.24**	13.54**
IPCA2	5		12.5	12.65**	12.47	6.1
IPCA3	3		16.43	9.52*	0	0
Residuals	42		7.25	3.33	7.25	3.13

	Fe (mg kg^-1)			Zn (mg kg^-1)
Genotype	Simijaca	Gama	Gachalá	Simijaca	Gama	Gachalá
Bacatá	94.00 a¹	67.63 a	71.07 a	39.90 ab	30.70 de	30.93 bcd
Bianca	73.27 b	63.27 b	63.57 b	40.83 a	32.20 bcd	30.33 cd
Chíe	59.40 d	53.83 d	58.63 bc	36.00 b	33.80 abc	33.7 abc
Hunza	47.77 e	47.43 e	48.37 d	39.13 ab	28.50 e	29.53 d
Iraca	60.97 cd	55.80 cd	56.87 c	39.97 ab	31.73 cd	33.90 ab
Serrania	64.50 cd	58.13 c	55.93 c	38.00 ab	34.70 ab	30.93 bcd
Sutagao	65.67 c	55.07 cd	60.30 bc	41.20 a	35.30 a	35.50 a
Mean	66.51 a²	57.31 b	59.25 b	39.29 a	32.41 b	32.04 b
Overall mean (mg kg^-1)	61.02			34.58

Genotype	Mean	MC	IPCA1	IPCA2	ASV	RASV	MSI	MSI rank
Fe (mg kg^-1)
Bacatá	77.57 a¹	1	-1.000	-0.060	12.27	7	8	4
Bianca	66.70 b	2	-0.100	0.160	1.24	3	5	2
Chíe	57.29 d	6	0.300	-0.300	3.69	5	11	6
Hunza	47.86 e	7	0.500	0.060	6.13	6	13	7
Iraca	57.88 cd	5	0.220	0.080	2.70	4	9	5
Serrania	59.52 cd	4	0.060	0.400	0.84	2	6	3
Sutagao	60.34 c	3	0.020	-0.340	0.42	1	4	1
Zn (mg kg^-1)
Bacatá	33.84 bc	6	-0.460	0.000	1.43	3	9	5
Bianca	34.45 b	4	-0.460	0.560	1.53	4	8	3
Chíe	34.32 b	5	1.000	-0.260	3.12	7	12	6
Hunza	32.39 c	7	-0.740	-0.140	2.30	6	13	7
Iraca	35.20 b	2	-0.140	-0.620	0.76	1	3	2
Serrania	34.54 b	3	0.560	0.720	1.88	5	8	4
Sutagao	37.33 a	1	0.260	-0.240	0.84	2	3	1

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