Use and need of dental prosthesis among community dwelling elderly: a cross-sectional population-based study

Peron, Damieli; Muniz, Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes; Colaço, Jaqueline; Marostega, Milena Giotti; Dias, Jéssica Jardim; Rösing, Cassiano Kuchenbecker; Colussi, Paulo Roberto Grafitti

doi:10.1590/1414-462X202230020475

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Brasil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Cad. saúde colet. 30 (2) • Apr-Jun 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-462X202230020475 copy

Use and need of dental prosthesis among community dwelling elderly: a cross-sectional population-based study

Uso e necessidade de próteses dentárias em idosos domiciliados: um estudo transversal de base populacional

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Background

By the use of complete or partial dental prosthesis, function, esthetics, and phonetics are reestablished. Few population-based studies are available in the literature using an older adult population.

Objective

Evaluate the use of and need for dental prostheses and their associated factors.

Method

This study included a random sample of 287 elderly, in the city of Cruz Alta, Brazil. Use of and need for dental prostheses were the main outcomes, and two analytical models were constructed. Subgroup analyses were performed for individuals using fixed partial denture (FPD) and removable (partial and/or complete) dental prosthesis (RDP).

Results

Use of and need for dental prosthesis were identified in 83.6% (n=240) and 42.5% (n=122) of the elderly, respectively. Women presented a significantly higher prevalence ratio (PR) for use of dental prostheses (PR=1.15; 95%IC:1.02–1.28) and lower need (PR=0.70; 95%IC:0.54–0.91). No statistically significant difference was demonstrated for the use of FPD regarding the sex. Higher education level was associated with lower use of prostheses (PR=0.73; 95%IC:0.58–0.91) when compared to lower level of education. Medium level of education showed a significantly lower need for dental prostheses (PR=0.61 – 95%IC:0.39–0.94). Those that did not consume alcohol presented with a significantly lower use of FPD and RDP (PR=0.46; 95%IC:0.23–0.93 and 0.90;0.81–0.99, respectively).

Conclusion

The use of and need for dental prostheses were associated with sex, level of education, and behavioral factors.

Keywords:
dental prosthesis; tooth loss; aging; risk factors

Variables		Use of dental prosthesis		p-value	Need for dental prosthesis		p-value
		No	Yes		No	Yes
		(n=47; 16.4%)	(n=240; 83.6%)		(n=165; 57.5%)	(n=122; 42.5%)
Age	≤69 – n (%)	28 (59.6)	125 (52.1)	0.347^*	83 (50.3)	70 (57.4)	0.235*
Age	>69 – n (%)	19 (40.4)	115 (47.9)	0.347^*	82 (49.7)	52 (42.6)	0.235*
Sex	Male – n (%)	22 (46.8)	80 (33.3)	0.078*	49 (29.7)	53 (43.4)	0.016*
Sex	Female – n (%)	25 (53.2)	160 (66.7)	0.078*	116 (70.3)	69 (56.6)	0.016*
Skin color	White – n (%)	30 (63.8)	166 (69.2)	0.472*	119 (72.1)	77 (63.1)	0.105*
Skin color	Non-white – n (%)	17 (36.2)	74 (30.8)	0.472*	46 (27.9)	45 (36.9)	0.105*
Level of education	Low – n (%)	26 (55.3)	164 (68.3)	0.001*	103 (62.4)	87 (71.3)	0.087*
	Medium – n (%)	5 (10.6)	47 (19.6)		37 (22.4)	15 (12.3)
	High – n (%)	16 (34.0)	29 (12.1)		25 (15.2)	20 (16.4)
Marital status	Married – n (%)	24 (51.1)	141 (58.8)	0.091*	91 (55.2)	74 (60.7)	0.219*
	Single – n (%)	10 (21.3)	21 (8.8)		15 (9.1)	16 (13.1)
	Divorced – n (%)	5 (10.6)	27 (11.3)		23 (13.9)	9 (7.4)
	Widow – n (%)	8 (17.0)	51 (21.3)		36 (21.8)	23 (18.9)
Retirement	Yes – n (%)	38 (80.9)	181 (75.4)	0.423*	125 (75.8)	94 (77.0)	0.799*
Retirement	No – n (%)	9 (19.1)	59 (24.6)	0.423*	40 (24.2)	28 (23.0)	0.799*
Health problems	Yes – n (%)	41 (87.2)	207 (86.3)	0.857*	141 (85.5)	107 (87.7)	0.582*
Health problems	No – n (%)	6 (12.8)	33 (13.8)	0.857*	24 (14.5)	15 (12.3)	0.582*
Use of medication	Yes – n (%)	35 (74.5)	202 (84.2)	0.109*	135 (81.9)	102 (83.6)	0.693*
Use of medication	No – n (%)	12 (25.5)	38 (15.8)	0.109*	30 (18.2)	20 (16.4)	0.693*
Smoking exposure	Smokers – n (%)	6 (12.8)	29 (12.1)	0.929*	22 (13.3)	13 (10.7)	0.596*
	Former smokers – n (%)	15 (31.9)	71 (29.6)		46 (27.9)	40 (32.8)
	Nonsmokers – n (%)	26 (55.3)	140 (58.3)		97 (58.8)	69 (56.6)
Alcohol exposure	Yes – n (%)	14 (29.8)	96 (40.0)	0.188*	58 (35.2)	52 (42.6)	0.198*
Alcohol exposure	No – n (%)	33 (70.2)	144 (60.0)	0.188*	107 (64.8)	70 (57.4)	0.198*
Access to the dentist	Yes – n (%)	26 (55.3)	109 (45.4)	0.214*	76 (46.1)	59 (48.4)	0.700*
Access to the dentist	No – n (%)	21 (44.7)	131 (54.6)	0.214*	89 (53.9)	63 (51.6)	0.700*
Toothbrush frequency	<2 times/day – n (%)	14 (29.8)	47 (19.6)	0.118*	34 (20.6)	27 (22.1)	0.755*
Toothbrush frequency	≥2 times/day – n (%)	33 (70.2)	193 (80.4)	0.118*	131 (79.4)	95 (77.9)	0.755*

Variables		Use of dental prosthesis	p-value	Need for dental prosthesis	p-value
Variables		Prevalence ratio (95%CI)	p-value	Prevalence ratio (95%CI)	p-value
Age	≤69	Ref.		Ref.
Age	≥70	1.050 (0.949 – 1.163)	0.343	0.848 (0.645 – 1.115)	0.239
Sex	Male	Ref.		Ref.
Sex	Female	1.103 (0.981 – 1.239)	0.100	0.718 (0.551 – 0.935)	0.014
Skin color	White	Ref.		Ref.
Skin color	Non-white	0.960 (0.856 – 1.077)	0.488	1.259 (0.960 – 1.651)	0.096
Level of education	Low	Ref.		Ref.
	Medium	1.047 (0.943 – 1.163)	0.391	0.630 (0.400 – 0.992)	0.046
	High	0.747 (0.597 – 0.934)	0.011	0.971 (0.676 – 1.393)	0.872
Marial status	Married	Ref.		Ref.
	Single	0.793 (0.617 – 1.019)	0.070	1.151 (0.787 – 1.684)	0.469
	Divorced	0.987 (0.840 – 1.161)	0.878	0.627 (0.351 – 1.119)	0.114
	Widow	1.012 (0.898 – 1.139)	0.850	0.869 (0.606 – 1.247)	0.447
Retirement	Yes	Ref.		Ref.
Retirement	No	1.050 (0.940 – 1.173)	0.390	0.959 (0.695 – 1324)	0.801
Health problems	Yes	Ref.		Ref.
Health problems	No	1.014 (0.877 – 1.172)	0.853	0.891 (0.585 – 1.359)	0.593
Use of medication	Yes	Ref.		Ref.
Use of medication	No	0.892 (0.756 – 1.051)	0.172	0.929 (0.642 – 1.345)	0.698
Smoking exposure	Smokers	Ref.		Ref.
	Former smokers	0.996 (0.833 – 1.192)	0.968	1.252 (0.770 – 2.038)	0.365
	Nonsmokers	1.018 (0.864 – 1.200)	0.833	1.119 (0.701 – 1.786)	0.637
Alcohol exposure	Yes	Ref.		Ref.
Alcohol exposure	No	0.932 (0.843 – 1.031)	0.170	0.837 (0.640 – 1.094)	0.193
Access to the dentist	Yes	Ref.		Ref.
Access to the dentist	No	1.067 (0.962 – 1.185)	0.219	0.948 (0.725 – 1.241)	0.699
Toothbrush frequency	<2 times/day	Ref.		Ref.
Toothbrush frequency	≥2 times/day	0.991 (0.886 – 1.109)	0.879	0.851 (0.642 – 1.128)	0.262

Variables		Use of dental prosthesis	p-value	Need for dental prosthesis	p-value
Variables		Prevalence ratio (95%CI)	p-value	Prevalence ratio (95%CI)	p-value
Sex	Male	Ref.		Ref.
Sex	Female	1.146 (1.021 – 1.285)	0.021	0.697 (0.536 – 0.905)	0.007
Level of education	Low	Ref.		Ref.
	Medium	1.052 (0.948 – 1.168)	0.339	0.596 (0.385 – 0.921)	0.020
	High	0.737 (0.588 – 0.923)	0.008	0.955 (0.650 – 1.402)	0.813
Alcohol exposure	Yes	Ref.		-	-
Alcohol exposure	No	0.893 (0.810 – 0.985)	0.023	-	-
Access to the dentist	Yes	Ref.		Ref.
Access to the dentist	No	1.031 (0.933 – 1.138)	0.552	0.903 (0.687 – 1.187)	0.464

Variables		Use of fixed dental prosthesis	p-value	Use of removable dental prosthesis	p-value
Variables		Prevalence ratio (95%CI)	p-value	Prevalence ratio (95%CI)	p-value
Sex	Female	1.305 (0.618 – 2.757)	0.485	1.155 (1.026 – 1.300)	0.017
Level of education	Medium	1.635 (0.734 – 3.645)	0.229	1.058 (0.951 – 1.177)	0.302
Level of education	High	0.691 (0.276 – 1.732)	0.431	0.704 (0.547 – 0.906)	0.006
Alcohol exposure	No	0.459 (0.227 – 0.927)	0.030	0.900 (0.814 – 0.994)	0.038
Access to the dentist	No	0.248 (0.061 – 1.009)	0.051	1.043 (0.941 – 1.155)	0.424

Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Avenida Horácio Macedo, S/N, CEP: 21941-598, Tel.: (55 21) 3938 9494 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: cadernos@iesc.ufrj.br

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[1] Correspondence: Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes Muniz. E-mail: wilkermustafa@gmail.com