The effect of Son-Rise and Floor-Time programs on social interaction skills and stereotyped behaviors of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: a clinical trial

Mirzakhani, Navid; Asadzandi, Shirin; Ahmadi, Mansooreh Shahriar; Saei, Shafagh; Pashmdarfard, Marzieh

doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoAO248732532

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Original Article • Cad. Bras. Ter. Ocup. 30 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2526-8910.ctoAO248732532 copy

The effect of Son-Rise and Floor-Time programs on social interaction skills and stereotyped behaviors of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: a clinical trial¹ 1 The Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Code of Ethics: IR.SBMU.RETECH.REC.1401.051).

O efeito dos programas Son-Rise e Floor-Time nas habilidades de interação social e comportamentos estereotipados de crianças com Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo: um ensaio clínico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which difficulty in social interaction skills and performing limited and stereotyped activities are among its symptoms. This study aims to determine the effect of Son-Rise and Floor Time programs on social interaction skills and stereotyped behaviors in children with ASD. The present study was a Clinical Trial. The participant were 60 children with ASD who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups (Son-Rise intervention, Floor-Time intervention, and control group with routine occupational therapy interventions). For data gathering, Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire, Gilliam Autism Rating Scale, and Autism Social Skills Profile were used, respectively. For data analysis, repeated measures and analysis of variance were used (two-way between and within- subjects). The results of data analysis showed that Son-Rise and Floor Time programs had a positive effect on social interaction skills of children with ASD, and reduced stereotyped behaviors of these children; Also, there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of Son-Rise and Floor-Time programs on social interaction skills and stereotyped behavior in the post-test, which is more effective in the Floor Time compared to Son-Rise program.

Keywords:
Autistic Disorder; Social Interaction; Stigmatization

Variables	Son-Rise (N= 20)	Floor-Time (N=20)	Control Group (N=`10)
Children age, mean (SD)	7.15 (0.81)	6.9 (0.85)	6.2 (0.82)
Children sex (Males: Females)	14:6	15:5	14:6
Parental age, mean (SD)	39.4 (1.07)	33.3 (0.90)	38.2 (0.94)
Parent marital status (Married:Single)	19:1	20:0	18:2

	Effect		Value	F	Hypothesis df	Error df	P value	Effect size
Comparison of change in social interaction skills of control groups and Son-Rise method	Within Subject	Pillai's Trace	0.726	14.251	6	150	0.001	0.363
		Wilk's Lambda	0.279	22.057	6	148	0.001	0.472
		Hotelling's Trace	2.571	31.275	6	146	0.001	0.562
		Roy's Largest Root	64.094	64.094	3	75	0.001	0.719
	Between Subject	Pillai's Trace	0.669	12.560	6	150	0.001	0.334
		Wilk's Lambda	0.35	16.825	6	148	0.001	0.406
		Hotelling's Trace	1.767	21.494	6	146	0.001	0.469
		Roy's Largest Root	1.730	43.259	3	75	0.001	0.634
Comparison of change in social interaction skills of control groups and Floor-Time method	Within Subject	Pillai's Trace	0.812	17.074	6	150	0.001	0.406
		Wilk's Lambda	0.201	30.292	6	148	0.001	0.551
		Hotelling's Trace	3.898	47.426	6	146	0.001	0.661
		Roy's Largest Root	3.881	97.024	3	75	0.001	0.795
	Between Subject	Pillai's Trace	0.764	15.442	6	150	0.001	0.382
		Wilk's Lambda	0.246	25.028	6	148	0.001	0.504
		Hotelling's Trace	3.018	36.720	6	146	0.001	0.601
		Roy's Largest Root	3.005	75.113	3	75	0.001	0.750
Comparison of change in social interaction skills of Son-Rise method and Floor-Time method	Within Subject	Pillai's Trace	0904	20.614	6	150	0.001	0.452
		Wilk's Lambda	0.100	53.199	6	148	0.001	0.683
		Hotelling's Trace	8.923	108.563	6	146	0.001	0.817
		Roy's Largest Root	8.918	222.958	3	75	0.001	0.899
	Between Subject	Pillai's Trace	0.292	4.268	6	150	0.001	0.146
		Wilk's Lambda	0.709	4.624	6	148	0.001	0.158
		Hotelling's Trace	0.409	4.974	6	146	0.001	0.170
		Roy's Largest Root	0.406	10.146	3	75	0.001	0.289

Group	Variables	Stage	Stage	Mean difference	Sandard error	P value
Control	Social Reciprocity	Pretest	Post test	0.280-	0.288	1
		Pretest	Follow up	- 0.100	0.318	1
		Post test	Follow up	0.180	0.322	1
	Social Participation	Pretest	Post test	0.430-	0.237	0.233
		Pretest	Follow up	- 0.350	0.316	0.824
		Post test	Follow up	0.080	0.328	1
	Detrimental Social Behaviors	Pretest	Post test	-0.370	0.296	0.659
		Pretest	Follow up	0.285	0.221	0.616
		Post test	Follow up	0.655	0.286	0.083
Son-Rise	Social Reciprocity	Pretest	Post test	-2.900	0.288	0.001
		Pretest	Follow up	-2.220	0.318	0.001
		Post test	Follow up	0.680	0.322	0.124
	Social Participation	Pretest	Post test	-2.230	0.237	0.001
		Pretest	Follow up	-1.755	0.316	0.001
		Post test	Follow up	0.475	0.326	0.461
	Detrimental Social Behaviors	Pretest	Post test	-2.850	0.296	0.001
		Pretest	Follow up	-2.450	0.221	0.001
		Post test	Follow up	0.400	0.286	0.511
Floor-Time	Social Reciprocity	Pretest	Post test	-4.450	0.352	0.001
		Pretest	Follow up	-3.750	0.366	0.001
		Post test	Follow up	0.700	0.378	0.216
	Social Participation	Pretest	Post test	-3.350	0.293	0.001
		Pretest	Follow up	-2.995	0.367	0.001
		Post test	Follow up	0.395	0.340	0.760
	Detrimental Social Behaviors	Pretest	Post test	-4.200	0.323	0.001
		Pretest	Follow up	-3.605	0.321	0.001
		Post test	Follow up	0.595	0.301	0.166

	Effect		Value	F	Hypothesis df	Error df	P value	Effect size
Comparison of change in stereotype behaviors of control groups and Son-Rise method	Within Subject	Pillai's Trace	0.422	13.511	2	37	0.001	0.422
		Wilk's Lambda	0.578	13.511	2	37	0.001	0.422
		Hotelling's Trace	0.730	13.511	2	37	0.001	0.422
		Roy's Largest Root	0.730	13.511	2	37	0.001	0.422
	Between Subject	Pillai's Trace	0.526	20.499	2	37	0.001	0.526
		Wilk's Lambda	0.474	20.499	2	37	0.001	0.526
		Hotelling's Trace	1.108	20.499	2	37	0.001	0.526
		Roy's Largest Root	1.108	20.499	2	37	0.001	0.526
Comparison of change in stereotype of control groups and Floor-Time method	Within Subject	Pillai's Trace	0.608	28.662	2	37	0.001	0.608
		Wilk's Lambda	0.392	28.662	2	37	0.001	0.608
		Hotelling's Trace	1.549	28.662	2	37	0.001	0.608
		Roy's Largest Root	1.549	28.662	2	37	0.001	0.608
	Between Subject	Pillai's Trace	0.654	34.947	2	37	0.001	0.654
		Wilk's Lambda	0.346	34.947	2	37	0.001	0.654
		Hotelling's Trace	1.889	34.947	2	37	0.001	0.654
		Roy's Largest Root	1.889	34.947	2	37	0.001	0.654
Comparison of change in stereotype behaviors of Son-Rise method and Floor-Time method	Within Subject	Pillai's Trace	0.784	67.132	2	37	0.001	0.784
		Wilk's Lambda	0.216	67.132	2	37	0.001	0.784
		Hotelling's Trace	3.629	67.132	2	37	0.001	0.784
		Roy's Largest Root	3.629	67.132	2	37	0.001	0.784
	Between Subject	Pillai's Trace	0.209	4.887	2	37	0.013	0.209
		Wilk's Lambda	0.791	4.887	2	37	0.013	0.209
		Hotelling's Trace	0.264	4.887	2	37	0.013	0.209
		Roy's Largest Root	0.264	4.887	2	37	0.013	0.209

Group	Stage	Stage	Mean difference	Standard error	P value
Control	Pretest	Post test	-0.400	0.290	0.528
	Pretest	Follow up	0.350	0.431	1
	Post test	Follow up	0.750	0.476	0.369
Son-Rise	Pretest	Post test	2.200	0.290	0.001
	Pretest	Follow up	1.875	0.431	0.001
	Post test	Follow up	-0.325	0.476	1
Floor-Time	Pretest	Post test	3.800	0.352	0.001
	Pretest	Follow up	3.450	0.390	0.001
	Post test	Follow up	-0.350	0.333	0.900

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[1] Author’s Contributions

Navid Mirzakhani, Shirin Asadzandi and Mansooreh Shahriar Ahmadi contributed to the design and implementation of the research, Shafagh Saei, Marzieh Pashmdarfard and Navid Mirzakhani contributed to the analysis of the results, Marzieh Pashmdarfard contributed to the writing of the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the text.