Occupational therapy, schools and youth: a mapping review

Occupational therapists are dedicated to the education service sector, however, this sector has had difficulties in advancing its universal accessibility, with a growing number of young people out of school, harming their condition of inclusion and social participation.

Objective

To map the production of scientific knowledge associated with occupational therapy, schools and youth, to answer the following questions: 1. How have occupational therapists contributed to youth in schools? 2. What proposals have these professionals disseminated in this context?

Method

A systematic mapping review carried out on the Scopus and Web of Science databases, which retrieved 46 publications covering from 1979 until 2019.

Results

Occupational therapists have not prioritized young population in their practices and studies. Noteworthy are the work to support young people with disabilities leaving high school, studies on mental health and an increasing number of works involving young people in situations of social vulnerability.

Conclusion

There is a need to increase and disseminate occupational therapy actions related to young people in schools, fostering theoretical and practical subsidies that offer better contours to this professional insertion.

Keywords:
Occupational Therapy; School; Youth; Adolescence; State of the Art Review

	Title	Journal	Year of publication	Author(s)
1	Violence prevention in the schools: Implications for occupational therapy	Work	2001	Robbins, J. E.
2	Occupational therapy in transitioning adolescents to post-secondary activities	American Journal of Occupational Therapy	2003	Spencer, J. E., Emery, L. C., & Colleen, M. S.
3	The role of the school-based occupational therapist in secondary education transition planning: a pilot survey study	American Journal of Occupational Therapy	2005	Kardos, M. R., & White, B. P.
4	Evaluation options for secondary transition planning	American Journal of Occupational Therapy	2006	Kardos, M. R., & White, B. P.
5	Hidden in plain sight: Working with students with emotional disturbance in the schools	Occupational Therapy Practice	2007	Chandler, B. E.
6	Supported education for adults and adolescents with psychiatric disabilities: Occupational therapy's role	Occupational Therapy Practice	2007	Gutman, S. A., & Schindler, V. P.
7	Effectiveness of disc ‘O’ sit cushions on attention to task in second-grade students with attention difficulties	American Journal of Occupational Therapy	2008	Pfeiffer, B., Henry, A., Miller, S., & Witherell, S.
8	The role of occupational therapy in transitions throughout the lifespan	Occupational Therapy Practice	2010	Gibson, R. W., Nochajski, S. M., Schefkind, S., Myers, C. T., & Marshal, J. S. A.
9	As students become adults: The role of occupational therapy in the transition process	Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention	2010	Juan, H. G., & Swinth, Y. L.
10	Occupational therapists' beliefs and involvement with secondary transition planning	Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics	2011	Mankey, T. A.
11	A qualitative study of occupational therapy's role in adolescent transition in a midwestern coalition of many school districts	Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early	2011	Gangl, C., Neufeld, P. S., & Berg, C.
12	A first-person exploration of the experience of academic reintegration after first episode psychosis	International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation	2011	Zafran, H., Tallant, B., & Gelinas, I.
13	Development and evaluation of an occupational therapy program for refugee high school students	Australian Occupational Therapy Journal	2011	Copley, J., Turpin, M., Gordon, S., & McLaren, C.
14	Activity workshops with young people from public schools: Social technologies between education and occupational therapy	Interface: Comunicação, Saúde e Educação	2011	Lopes, R. E., Borba, P. L. O., Silva, C. R., Trajber, N. K., & Cuel, B. T.
15	National Behaviour Support Service and occupational therapy in school: An Irish experience	International Perspectives on Inclusive Education	2012	MacCobb, S.
16	Free expression of young people through fanzine: resource for social occupational therapy	Saúde e Sociedade	2013	Lopes, R. E., Borba, P. L. O., & Monzeli, G. A.
17	Intercultural partnering for the benefit of South Africa township high school students	Occupational Therapy International	2014	Davis, J., Dodge, E., & Welderufael, M.
18	Occupational justice, school connectedness, and high school dropout: The role of occupational therapy in meeting the needs of an underserved population	Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention	2014	Marczuk, O., Taff, S. D., & Berg, C.
19	Career counselling at school for placement in sheltered workshops?	Australian Occupational Therapy Journal	2014	Fasching, H.
20	Language, discrimination and disability in the school setting of magellan education: A human rights-based approach from occupational therapy	Magallania	2016	Yupanqui, A. C., Gonçalez, B. M. A., lancalahuen, V. M., Quilodran, O. W., & Toledo, A. C.
21	An occupational therapy and teaching partnership: Applying a scholarship practice model	Occupational Therapy in Health Care	2017	Fitzgerald, B., & MacCobb, S.
22	Occupational therapy interventions for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder	American Journal of Occupational Therapy	2017	Tomchek, S., Koenig, K. P., Arbesman, M., & Lieberman, D.
23	Enhancing classroom participation of students with intellectual and developmental disabilities	Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy	2017	Selanikyo, E., Yalon-Chamovitz, S., & Weintraub, N.
24	Characteristics of students receiving occupational therapy services in transition and factors related to postsecondary success	American Journal of Occupational Therapy	2017	Eismann, M. M., Weisshaar, R., Capretta, C., Cleary, D. S., Kirby, A. V., & Persch, A. C.
25	What support of young presenting a first psychotic episode, when schooling is being challenged?	L’Encéphale	2017	Vacheron, M. N., Veyrat-Masson, M. N., & Wehbe, H.
26	Pilot of the BOOST-A™: An online transition planning program for adolescents with autism	Australian Occupational Therapy Journal	2017	Hatfield, M., Murray, N., Ciccarelli, M., Falkmer, T., & Falkmer, M.
27	Encounters with the difference at health education: youth, sexualities, and genders at school	Saúde e Sociedade	2018	Goncalves, C. S., & Borba, P. L. O.
28	Understanding parents’ concerns about their children with autism taking public school transportation in Los Angeles County	Autism	2018	Angell, A.M., & Solomon, O.
29	The evaluation of vocational programming in secondary school settings: A suggested protocol	Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention	2018	George, J. C., & Seruya, F. M.
30	Validity of the school setting interview for students with special educational needs in regular high school - a Rasch analysis	Health and Quality of Life Outcomes	2018	Moa, Y., Munkholm, M., Lidstrom, H., Hemmingsson, H., & Ekbladh, E.
31	A social-cognitive intervention program for adolescents with autism: A pilot study	Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention	2018	Cheung, P. P. P., Siu, P., Brown, A. M. H., & Mong-lin, T. Y.
32	A systematic review of play-based interventions for students with ADHD: implications for school-based occupational therapists	Journal of Occupational Therapy Schools and Early Intervention	2018	Heidi, C. R., Ting, L. T., & Alvin, A. J.
33	Focus on youth center: proposal and actions	Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy	2019	Marinho, M. M., & Lopes, R. E.
34	Environmental factors and daily functioning levels among adolescents with executive function deficits	British Journal of Occupational Therapy	2019	Yael, F., Rosenblum, S., & Josman, N.
35	Autism severity, co-occurring psychopathology, and intellectual functioning predict supportive school services for youth with autism spectrum disorder	Autism	2019	Rosen, T. E., Spaulding, C. J., Gates, J. A., & Lerner, M. D.
36	A service user perspective informing the role of occupational therapy in school transition practice for high school learners with TBI: An African perspective	Occupational Therapy International	2019	Khuabi, L. J. N., Swart, E., & Shaheed, S. M.
37	Participation patterns of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder compared to their peers: Parents' perspectives	British Journal of Occupational Therapy	2019	Lamash, L., Bedell, G., & Josman, N.
38	Which students need accommodations the most, and to what extent are their needs met by regular upper secondary school? A cross-sectional study among students with special educational needs	European Journal of Special Needs Education	2019	Moa, Y., Lidstrom, H., Ekbladh, E., & Hemmingsson, H.
39	Supporting the participation of youth with physical disabilities: Parents' strategies	British Journal of Occupational Therapy	2019	Killeen, H., Saeideh, S., Bedell, G. M., & Anaby, D. R.
40	Intersectoriality in the field of child and adolescent mental health: proposal of occupational therapy in the school context	Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy	2019	Souza, A. A. F. D., Cid, M. F. B., Speranza, M., & Copi, C. G.
41	Understanding self-determination as a crucial component in promoting the distinct value of occupational therapy in post-secondary transition planning	Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention	2019	Amber, A. M., Carroll, T. C., Bagatell, N., Chen, C., Kramer, J. M., Schwartz, A., Tallon, M. B., & Hammel, J.
42	Transitioning racial/ethnic minorities with intellectual and developmental disabilities: Influence of socioeconomic status on related services	Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals	2019	Gary, K. W., Sima, A., Wehman, P., & Johnson, K. R.
43	Occupational therapy interventions for children and youth with challenges in sensory integration and sensory processing: A school-based practice case example	American Journal of Occupational Therapy	2019	Clark, G. F., Watling, R., Parham, L. D., & Schaaf, R.
44	Occupational therapy interventions for children and youth with challenges in sensory integration and sensory processing: A clinic-based practice case example	American Journal of Occupational Therapy	2019	Parham, L. D., Clark, G. F., Watling, R., & Schaaf, R.
45	Computerised Handwriting Speed Test System (CHSTS): Validation of a handwriting assessment for Chinese secondary students	Australian Occupational Therapy Journal	2019	Li‐Tsang, C. W. P., Li, T. M. H., Lau, M. S. W., Lo, A. G. W., Choco H. Y., Ho, C. H. Y., & Leung, H. W. H.
46	Loss in services precedes high school exit for teens with autism spectrum disorder: A longitudinal study	Autism Research	2019	Laxman, D. J., Taylor, J. L., DaWalt, L. S., Greenberg, J. S., & Mailick, M. R.

Journal	N	%
American Journal of Occupational Therapy	8	17.3%
Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention	7	15.2%
Australian Occupational Therapy Journal	4	8.7%
British Journal of Occupational Therapy	3	6.5%
Occupational Therapy Practice	3	6.5%
Saúde e Sociedade	2	4.4%
Autism	2	4.4%
Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy	2	4.4%
Occupational Therapy International	2	4.4%
Others	13	28.2%
Total	46	100%

Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Terapia Ocupacional Rodovia Washington Luis, Km 235, Caixa Postal 676, CEP: , 13565-905, São Carlos, SP - Brasil, Tel.: 55-16-3361-8749 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cadto@ufscar.br

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[1] Author’s Contributions

This text contains data from the first author's postdoctoral research, under the supervision of the last author. Joana Rostirolla Batista de Souza and Beatriz Prado Pereira for data collection, organization and systematization. All authors contributed to the analysis and discussion of data and to the writing of the text as well as approved its final version.