Genetic parameters for jumping performance in Brazilian Sport Horses

Medeiros, Bethânia Rocha; Garbade, Petra; Peripolli, Vanessa; Dias, Laila Talarico; McManus, Concepta Margaret

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v24e-75434E

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Animal science / Research article • Ciênc. anim. bras. 24 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v24e-75434E copy

Genetic parameters for jumping performance in Brazilian Sport Horses

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters for jumping measures in the Brazilian Sport Horses breed, looking to see which jump characteristics can be evaluated early and that present favorable genetic correlations (ϒg) with measures of later sports performance. Data were available for the results of jumping competitions on the Brazilian Sport Horses. Two traits were calculated: Classification (CLASS) of the animal (taking into consideration obstacle height, number of competitors, type of competition (regional, national, international) and final score (SCOREF) taking into consideration the weight of the competition, height of the obstacles and score for the placement and type of event. Heritabilities were low for the full database (0.00 and 0.07 for CLASS and SCOREF, respectively), but higher when only young horses were considered (0.09 and 0.67, respectively). Genetic correlations between these traits and subjective functional traits (using a scale of 0 to 10) measured at stallion approval for reproduction showed that Power was favorable for indirect selection for both traits (-0.85 for CLASS and 1.00 for SCOREF). Jump also showed a favorable correlation for SCOREF (0.53) but unfavorable for CLASS (1.00). Considering the importance of Temperament and the absence of unfavorable genetic correlations between it and competition results it was concluded that this trait can be maintained among the selection objectives of Brazilian Sport Horses. Suggestions are made for further genetic studies with this breed, and possible modifications in the evaluation regulations to improve data quality.

Keywords:
competition; final score; genetic correlations; heritability; temperament

CLASS	NOCOMP
CLASS	16+	15	14	13	12	11	10	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1
1st	20	19	18	17	16	15	14	13	12	11	10	9	8	7	6	5
2nd	17	16	15	14	13	12	11	10	9	8	7	6	5	4	3
3rd	15	14	13	12	11	10	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2
4th	13	12	11	10	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1
5th	12	11	10	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1
6th	11	10	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1
7th	10	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1
8th	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1
9th	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1
10th	7	6	5	4	3	2	1
11th	6	5	4	3	2	1
12th	5	4	3	2	1
13th	4	3	2	1
14th	3	2	1
15th	2	1
16th	1

Trait^ 54,852 observations for each trait.	Mean	Standard deviation	CV (%)	Minimum	Maximum
WT.COMP	3.40	1.11	32.64	1	5
WT.HT	2.08	1.23	59.32	0	5
CLASS^* * Classification in each event by the horse (CLASS); + Final score considering classification (SCOREF), number of competitors (NOCOMP), championship weight (WT.COMP), and weight of the height (WT.HT) of obstacles on the course;	6.23	4.69	75.28	1	17
NOCOMP	26.95	18.71	69.42	1	116
SCORE	9.77	6.23	63.76	0	20
SCOREF⁺	51.51	39.24	39.25	0	200
AGE (years)	9.10	3.17	34.71	4	32.5

Trait	Indidual cov^{^* * Individual Covariance (Individual Cov) and Residual (σ2 Residual) estimates were used as initial priorities for the estimates of genetic parameters; +} (P<0.0001)	Residual σ²2 Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalos de Hipismo (ABCCH). Regulamento do Stud Book Brasileiro do Cavalo de Hipismo. [Internet]; 2011 [cited 2022 Mar 15]. Available from: http://brasileirodehipismo.com.br/site/upload/arquivos/regulamento.pdf. Portuguese. http://brasileirodehipismo.com.br/site/u... ^* * Individual Covariance (Individual Cov) and Residual (σ2 Residual) estimates were used as initial priorities for the estimates of genetic parameters; (P<0.0001)	Model^{^ The two covariates in bold, for each trait, were the most influential and were included in the models for the estimation of genetic parameters; + The proportion of individual covariance about σ2 Residual was demonstrated between relatives, along with each Cov.} (P<0.034)
Classification (CLASS)	2.74 (0.16)	17.32	Y= 0.65 + EVENT + 0.21^* * Individual Covariance (Individual Cov) and Residual (σ2 Residual) estimates were used as initial priorities for the estimates of genetic parameters; (AGE) + 0.02^* * Individual Covariance (Individual Cov) and Residual (σ2 Residual) estimates were used as initial priorities for the estimates of genetic parameters; (NOCOMP) + 0.29^* * Individual Covariance (Individual Cov) and Residual (σ2 Residual) estimates were used as initial priorities for the estimates of genetic parameters; (WT.COMP)
Final score (SCOREF)	9.48 (0.10)	90.88	Y = -36.76+EVENT +8.43^* * Individual Covariance (Individual Cov) and Residual (σ2 Residual) estimates were used as initial priorities for the estimates of genetic parameters; (WT.COMP) + 9.18^* * Individual Covariance (Individual Cov) and Residual (σ2 Residual) estimates were used as initial priorities for the estimates of genetic parameters; (WT.HT) -0.30^* * Individual Covariance (Individual Cov) and Residual (σ2 Residual) estimates were used as initial priorities for the estimates of genetic parameters; (CLASSI) + 5.35^* * Individual Covariance (Individual Cov) and Residual (σ2 Residual) estimates were used as initial priorities for the estimates of genetic parameters; (SCORE)

Obstacle height (m)	N^o Obs.	Age interval (Years)	Mean age (years)^* * Different letters in the same column indicate significantly (p>0.05) different means by the Tukey test.	Mean CLASS^* * Different letters in the same column indicate significantly (p>0.05) different means by the Tukey test.	Mean SCOREF^* * Different letters in the same column indicate significantly (p>0.05) different means by the Tukey test.	Mean WT.COMP^* * Different letters in the same column indicate significantly (p>0.05) different means by the Tukey test.	Mean NOCOMP^* * Different letters in the same column indicate significantly (p>0.05) different means by the Tukey test.
1.00	6,074	4.03 - 26.27	10.02^b	6.14^cd	27.87^f	3.02^f	21.28^c
1.10	12,348	4.03 - 31.60	8.87^de	5.97^d	42.77^e	3.21^e	26.48^b
1.20	16,126	4.49 - 26.12	8.66^e	5.93^d	57.46^d	3.45^d	28.33^a
1.30	13,015	4.54 - 22.57	9.05^d	6.35^c	62.06^c	3.53^c	28.37^a
1.40	6,478	4.69 - 32.52	9.55^c	7.03^b	67.24^b	3.64^b	26.68^b
1.50	888	7.17 - 19.90	10.82^a	8.13^a	80.88^a	4.12^a	28.54^a

Obstacle height (m)	N Obs.	Age range (Years)	Mean age (years)^* * Different letters in the same column indicate significantly (p<0.05) different means by the Tukey test.	Mean CLASS^* * Different letters in the same column indicate significantly (p<0.05) different means by the Tukey test.	Mean SCOREF	^{^* * Different letters in the same column indicate significantly (p<0.05) different means by the Tukey test.}Mean	Mean NOCOMP^* * Different letters in the same column indicate significantly (p<0.05) different means by the Tukey test.
1.00	58	4.27 - 8.63	5.36^e	5.72^bc	42.62^c	4.00^a	14.21^c
1.10	461	4.14 - 8.73	5.03^e	2.56^d	67.88^ab	3.15^bc	45.57^ab
1.20	445	4.64 - 8.87	5.96^d	3.58^cd	82.02^a	3.24^b	48.90^a
1.30	466	4.54 - 11.73	6.91^c	5.23^c	78.64^ab	3.08^bc	37.50^b
1.40	284	7.06 - 14.22	8.07 ^b	8.03^a	61.51^b	2.99^c	22.36^c
1.50	16	8.41 - 12.65	9.84ª	7.44^ab	71.31^ab	2.00^d	16.00^c

Trait	σ²2 Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalos de Hipismo (ABCCH). Regulamento do Stud Book Brasileiro do Cavalo de Hipismo. [Internet]; 2011 [cited 2022 Mar 15]. Available from: http://brasileirodehipismo.com.br/site/upload/arquivos/regulamento.pdf. Portuguese. http://brasileirodehipismo.com.br/site/u... Additive genetic	σ²2 Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalos de Hipismo (ABCCH). Regulamento do Stud Book Brasileiro do Cavalo de Hipismo. [Internet]; 2011 [cited 2022 Mar 15]. Available from: http://brasileirodehipismo.com.br/site/upload/arquivos/regulamento.pdf. Portuguese. http://brasileirodehipismo.com.br/site/u... Genetic maternal	σ²2 Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalos de Hipismo (ABCCH). Regulamento do Stud Book Brasileiro do Cavalo de Hipismo. [Internet]; 2011 [cited 2022 Mar 15]. Available from: http://brasileirodehipismo.com.br/site/upload/arquivos/regulamento.pdf. Portuguese. http://brasileirodehipismo.com.br/site/u... Permanent environmental	σ²2 Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalos de Hipismo (ABCCH). Regulamento do Stud Book Brasileiro do Cavalo de Hipismo. [Internet]; 2011 [cited 2022 Mar 15]. Available from: http://brasileirodehipismo.com.br/site/upload/arquivos/regulamento.pdf. Portuguese. http://brasileirodehipismo.com.br/site/u... Environmental	σ²2 Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalos de Hipismo (ABCCH). Regulamento do Stud Book Brasileiro do Cavalo de Hipismo. [Internet]; 2011 [cited 2022 Mar 15]. Available from: http://brasileirodehipismo.com.br/site/upload/arquivos/regulamento.pdf. Portuguese. http://brasileirodehipismo.com.br/site/u... Phenotypic	Additive genetic (h²2 Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalos de Hipismo (ABCCH). Regulamento do Stud Book Brasileiro do Cavalo de Hipismo. [Internet]; 2011 [cited 2022 Mar 15]. Available from: http://brasileirodehipismo.com.br/site/upload/arquivos/regulamento.pdf. Portuguese. http://brasileirodehipismo.com.br/site/u... )+^* * Standard error of the estimate shown in parentheses.	Maternal genetic+^* * Standard error of the estimate shown in parentheses.	Permanent environmental+^* * Standard error of the estimate shown in parentheses.	Environmental+^* * Standard error of the estimate shown in parentheses.
A. All horses
CLASS	0.034	0.381	2.715	17.580	20.590	0.00 (0.01)	0.02 (0.01)	0.13 (0.01)	0.85 (0.01)
SCOREF	78.280	62.400	105.460	931.200	1132.000	0.07 (0.01)	0.06 (0.02)	0.09 (0.01)	0.82 (0.01)
B. Young horses
CLASS	1.937	0.000	10.888	8.291	21.120	0.09 (0.09)	0.00 (0.075)	0.520 (0.090)	0.39 (0.025)
SCOREF	961.100	12.896	0.003	482.600	1444.000	0.67 (0.12)	0.009 (0.066)	0.000 (0.108)	0.33 (0.027)

Trait ^* * Range of heritability estimates obtained in all analyses are in parentheses. Forelimb mechanics (FOREL.MEC), hindlimb mechanics (HINDL.MEC).			CLASS						SCOREF
	Cov_p	Cov_g	Cov_e	ϒₚ	ϒ_g	ϒₑ	Cov_p	Cov_g	Cov_e	ϒ_p	ϒ_g	ϒ_e
Walk (0.36)	9.50E-03	4.70E-04	8.90E-03	0.00	0.00	0.00	9.00E-03	5.00E-03	-4.40E-03	0.01	0.04	-0.01
Trot (0.53-0.54)	2.60E-02	0.158-01	-7.00E-03	0.02	0.02	0.00	7.20E-03	-6.00E-03	7.20E-03	0.01	-0.04	0.02
Canter (0.35)	0.17	5.50E-02	6.30E-02	0.12	0.09	0.03	1.80E-02	1.50E-02	4.00E-03	0.02	0.12	0.01
Jump (0.17-0.75)	8.70E-02	0.17	-8.00E-02	0.00	1.00	-1.00	3.60E-02	9.70E-02	-6.00E-02	0.04	0.53	-0.26
Attitude (0.09-0.17)	1.30E-02	1.40E-02	-3.20E-03	0.19	0.20	-0.01	1.00E-02	5.20E-03	-1.00E-17	0.01	0.07	0.00
Impulsion (0.22-0.36)	-9.90E-03	2.00E-02	-3.00E-02	0.20	0.30	-0.1.	5.70E-03	5.40E-03	2.30E-04	0.01	0.06	0.00
Power (0.09-0.11)	3.50E-03	-3.80E-02	3.60E-02	0.00	-0.85	0.13	4.30E-02	3.70E-02	2.00E-03	0.04	1.00	0.01
Amplitude (0.25)	3.10E-03	1.90E-02	-1.60E-02	0.20	0.25	-0.05	4.10E-02	1.50E-06	4.10E-02	0.04	0.00	0.15
Temperament (0.42-0.43)	0.25	-1.70E-02	0.26	0.50	-0.11	0.61	4.80E-02	5.80E-05	4.80E-02	0.05	0.00	0.13
FOREL.MEC (0.37-0.38)	-5.80E-03	4.20E-02	-5.50E-02	-0.01	0.31	-0.14	-1.50E-02	-3.30E-02	3.60E-02	-0.02	-0.26	0.10
HINDL.MEC (0.34-0.36)	-3.50E-02	-1.60E-02	-4.90E-03	-0.04	-0.13	-0.01	6.50E-02	4.50E-02	1.20E-03	0.06	0.39	0.00
Flexibility (0.20)	-5.30E-03	-1.00E-02	-3.60E-03	-0.01	-0.12	-0.01	0.33	-3.90E-04	0.33	0.32	0.00	1.00
Respect (0.29-0.30)	5.60E-02	-2.20E-02	7.80E-02	0.06	-0.24	0.24	6.80E-03	1.60E-02	-9.20E-03	0.01	0.20	-0.03
Regularity (0.24)	0.25	-2.10E-02	0.27	0.25	-0.20	0.62	2.70E-02	8.40E-03	1.90E-02	0.03	0.08	0.05

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[1] *Corresponding author: vanessa.peripolli@hotmail.com