Pearl millet cultivation with brackish water and organic fertilizer alters soil properties

Araújo, Cleyton de Almeida; Lira, Jaciele Beserra de; Magalhães, André Luiz Rodrigues; Silva, Thieres George Freire da; Gois, Glayciane Costa; Andrade, Alberício Pereira de; Araújo, Gherman Garcia Leal de; Campos, Fleming Sena

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v22e-70056

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Animal Science, Research article • Ciênc. anim. bras. 22 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v22e-70056 copy

Pearl millet cultivation with brackish water and organic fertilizer alters soil properties

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Semi-arid regions are characterized by high evapotranspiration and low rainfall, favoring the accumulation of salts when irrigated with brackish water. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pearl millet cultivation with brackish water levels and fertilized with organic fertilizer on the chemical and physical properties of the soil. A split plot randomized block design was adopted, in a factorial arrangement, with three repetitions. Plots consisted of four irrigation levels (25, 50, 75 and 100% crop evapotranspiration) and subplots consisted of four levels of organic fertilizer (0; 15; 30 and 45 Mg ha^-1). At the end of the pearl millet production cycle, soil was collected from layers 0-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m, for physical (soil bulk density, particle density and porosity) and chemical (EC, pH, K, Na, Ca, Mg, H + Al, SB, CEC, V) properties. There was no effect of interaction of brackish water levels and organic fertilizer levels on soil chemical properties. Brackish water reduced potassium on layer 0.20-0.40 m. A negative linear effect was found for density in the 0.20-0.40 m layer under different levels of organic fertilizer. Brackish water levels and organic fertilizer levels in the cultivation of pearl millet does not alter soil chemical and physical properties at the 0-0.20 m layer. However, the use of brackish water reduces the concentration of potassium in the soil and the application of organic fertilizer reduces soil density at the 0.20-0.40 m layer.

Key words:
Base saturation; Biosaline agriculture; Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R; Br

Variables			Sample identification
			(cm)
			0 - 20 20 - 40
EC	dS m^-1		1.33	2.20
pH	-		4.60	5.70
V	%		64.0	50.9
Total C	g/kg		4.60	4.10
K	cmol dm^-3		0.23	0.16
Na	cmol dm^-3		0.27	0.68
Ca	cmol dm^-3		1.60	1.40
Mg	cmol dm^-3		0.60	0.60
Al	cmol dm^-3		0.05	0.00
H+Al	cmol dm^-3		1.50	2.70
SB	cmol dm^-3		2.70	2.80
CEC	cmol dm^-3		4.20	5.60
P	mg dm^-3		6.14	1.22
Cu	mg dm^-3		1.07	1.65
Fe	mg dm^-3		21.40	23.00
Mn	mg dm^-3		18.20	14.60
Zn	mg dm^-3		4.54	3.13
Density	kg dm^-3	soil	1.49	1.37
Density	kg dm^-3	particle	2.59	2.51
Total porosity		(%)	42.40	45.41
Granulometry	g kg^-1	sand	808.10	721.70
	g kg^-1	silte	116.9	195.3
	g kg^-1	clay	75.00	83.00

Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	Cl^-	pH	EC	Hardness	SAR
		mmol L^-1				dS m^-1	mg L^-1
15.14±0.47	6.89±1.87	3.72±0.44	0.29±0.02	22.04±0.66	7.38±0.21	1.73±0.03	109.76±9.40	0.62±0.11

Itens	Irrigation Level (% evapotranspiration)				SEM	Organic fertilizer (Mg ha^-1)				SEM	P-value
Itens	25	50	75	100	SEM	0	15	30	45	SEM	I	OF	I*OF
						0-0.20 m
EC	1.99	2.10	2.29	1.87	0.24	2.48	1.96	1.79	2.02	0.24	0.66	0.24	0.52
pH	7.10	7.01	6.85	7.07	0.10	6.89	7.10	7.00	7.04	0.17	0.36	0.57	0.83
K⁺	0.06	0.11	0.13	0.08	0.02	0.09	0.08	0.10	0.11	0.02	0.31	0.86	0.65
Na⁺	0.14	0.15	0.18	0.13	0.03	0.15	0.16	0.13	0.17	0.03	0.60	0.73	0.61
Ca²⁺	5.31	5.80	4.90	5.44	0.51	5.75	5.88	4.96	4.85	1.02	0.66	0.38	0.96
Mg²⁺	1.68	1.95	1.78	1.85	0.22	2.19	1.90	1.58	1.60	0.44	0.84	0.18	0.48
H + Al	0.19	0.27	0.39	0.31	0.08	0.41	0.13	0.38	0.24	0.08	0.46	0.11	0.09
SB	7.21	8.04	7.00	7.52	0.72	8.20	8.04	6.78	6.75	1.44	0.75	0.33	0.88
CEC	7.41	8.31	7.39	7.84	0.69	8.63	8.17	7.17	6.98	0.69	0.76	0.29	0.87
V	97.33	96.25	94.25	95.53	1.21	94.55	98.39	94.37	96.04	2.42	0.34	0.09	0.17
						0.20-0.40 m
EC	2.38	2.60	2.83	3.00	0.25	2.81	2.56	2.64	2.79	0.50	0.34	0.87	0.31
pH	5.85	5.97	5.60	5.95	0.18	6.01	5.51	5.85	6.00	0.36	0.44	0.20	0.06
Ca²⁺	3.65	3.75	3.75	4.21	0.34	3.95	3.48	3.78	4.15	0.69	0.66	0.57	0.08
Mg²⁺	1.70	2.05	1.90	2.00	0.13	1.85	2.05	1.70	2.07	0.26	0.27	0.15	0.43
Al	0.03	0.01	0.08	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.06	0.05	0.02	0.01	0.53	0.13	0.07
H + Al	1.20	1.26	1.57	1.20	0.24	0.78	1.70	1.55	1.20	0.24	0.65	0.05	0.79
SB	5.67	6.11	5.80	6.23	0.41	6.00	5.76	5.64	6.41	0.82	0.75	0.57	0.09
CEC	6.89	7.39	7.42	7.46	0.37	6.80	7.50	7.23	7.64	0.37	0.66	0.41	0.11
V	83.06	83.94	77.68	82.13	0.74	88.05	77.17	78.32	83.26	3.31	0.55	0.10	0.54

Itens	Irrigation Level (% evapotranspiration)				SEM	Organic fertilizer (Mg ha^-1)				SEM	P-value
Itens	25	50	75	100	SEM	0	15	30	45	SEM	I	OF	I*OF
0-0.20 m
D	1.34	1.32	1.33	1.33	0.02	1.34	1.33	1.32	1.32	0.02	0.82	0.91	0.13
P	47.52	48.04	48.14	48.39	0.83	47.84	47.81	48.53	47.92	0.83	0.90	0.92	0.30
PD	2.56	2.54	2.56	2.58	0.02	2.57	2.55	2.57	2.55	0.01	0.45	0.68	0.39
0.20-0.40 m
D	1.35	1.36	1.36	1.33	0.01	1.37	1.35	1.35	1.33	0.03	0.39	0.04	0.54
P	2.47	2.63	2.51	2.55	0.07	2.57	2.51	2.55	2.53	0.08	0.46	0.94	0.46
PD	43.90	47.98	45.13	47.44	2.04	46.35	45.34	46.81	45.95	2.09	0.45	0.96	0.41

Universidade Federal de Goiás Universidade Federal de Goiás, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Campus II, Caixa Postal 131, CEP: 74001-970, Tel.: (55 62) 3521-1568, Fax: (55 62) 3521-1566 - Goiânia - GO - Brazil
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[1] *Correspondent: glayciane_gois@yahoo.com.br