Emulsifier and enzymatic complex in diet for free range broiler chicken in the western amazon

Nascimento, Antonia Mariana do; Gomes, Fábio Augusto; Freitas, Henrique Jorge de; Rodrigues, Suelen Ferreira da Costa; Pires, Gilcineide Araújo; Guato, Cesar Andres; Souza, Edcarlos Miranda de

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v23e-70663E

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Animal science • Ciênc. anim. bras. 23 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v23e-70663E copy

Emulsifier and enzymatic complex in diet for free range broiler chicken in the western amazon

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding levels of emulsifier based on soy lecithin and enzymatic complex (xylanase, β-glucanase, galactosidase, protease, amylase, and β-mannanase) on the basal diet during the raising of free-range broiler chickens. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and six replications. Treatments were: T1: control diet, without enzymatic complex and emulsifier; T2: 0.2 kg t^-1 of enzymatic complex; T3: 0.5 kg t^-1 of emulsifier; T4: 0.2 kg t^-1 of enzymatic complex + 0.5 kg t^-1 of emulsifier; and T5: 0.3 kg t^-1 of enzymatic complex + 1 kg t^-1 of emulsifier. Performance data were collected every 14 days, and the animals were euthanized at 70 days to obtain carcass, breast, drumstick, and thigh yield and intestine collection for pH analysis and morphometry. The periods from 1 to 56 and 1 to 70 days showed a difference (P<0.05) in the parameters of zootechnical performance, the feed intake was lower in T4 and T5, and weight gain was better in T1, T2, T3, and T4. Feed conversion was better in T1, T2, and T4. No difference (P>0.05) was observed for poultry livability, carcass yield, viscera, and pH of duodenum and cecum. A difference was found for intestinal morphometry (P<0.05), and T5 showed the best villus/crypt ratio. The level with 0.3 kg t^-1 of enzymatic complex and 1 kg t^-1 of emulsifier indicated a better relationship between villi and crypts. However, the level with 0.2 kg t^-1 of enzymatic complex and 0.5 kg t^-1 of emulsifier added to the commercial diet led to benefits such as decreased feed intake, without affecting weight gain, thus inducing a good feed conversion.

Keywords:
Additives; Performance; Intestinal morphometry; Carcass yield.

Component	Initial	Growth	Component	Initial	Growth
Component	%		Component	%
Moisture (max.)	12	12	Choline (min)	0.000035	0.025
Crude protein (min)	19	17	Iron (min)	0.00525	0.0006
Ether extract (min)	30	30	Iodine (min)	0.000126	0.025
Crude fiber (max.)	50	50	Manganese (min)	0.007	0.005
Ashes (max.)	110	110	Methionine (min)	0.000216	0.00012
Calcium (min)	0.7	7	Niacin (min)	0.0032	0.006
Calcium (max.)	1.5	15	Selenium (min)	0.00003	0.00017
Phosphorus (min)	0.6	0.6	Zinc (min)	0.0063	0.0024
Sodium (min)	0.014	0.014	Nicarbazin (min)	0.005	-
Folic acid (min)	0.00006	0.00005	Narasin (min)	0.005	-
Pantothenic acid (min)	0.0008	0.0008	Salinomycin (min)	-	0.0066
Biotin (min)	0.000006	3,00E-06	Halquinol (min)	-	0.003
Copper (min)	0.00063	0.0006

Treatment (kg t^-1)	Period (days)
	1 to 14^ns	1 to 28^ns	1 to 42^ns	1 to 56^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ (p>0.05) from each other by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level. CV: coefficient of variation.	1 to 70^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ (p>0.05) from each other by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level. CV: coefficient of variation.
	Mean feed intake
Basal feed	0.248	0.937	1.90	3.09 b	4.29 b
0.2 enzyme complex	0.257	0.900	1.92	3.11 b	4.31 b
0.5 emulsifier	0.259	0.902	1.91	3.11 b	4.31 b
0.2 enzyme complex + 0.5 emulsifier	0.247	0.983	1.87	3.03 a	4.20 a
0.3 enzyme complex + 1.0 emulsifier	0.253	0.911	1.91	3.05 a	4.25 a
CV (%)	3.72	5.85	3.49	1.84	1.22
P-value	0.1390	0.1607	0.8850	0.673	0.0059
Standard error	0.00384	0.0243	0.0271	0.0231	0.0212
			Mean weight gain
Basal feed	0.107	0.417	0.864	1.33 a	1.86 a
0.2 enzyme complex	0.111	0.397	0.858	1.34 a	1.87 a
0.5 emulsifier	0.106	0.391	0.837	1.31 a	1.83 a
0.2 enzyme complex + 0.5 emulsifier	0.111	0.403	0.844	1.33 a	1.86 a
0.3 enzyme complex + 1.0 emulsifier	0.113	0.405	0.836	1.25 b	1.77 b
CV (%)	5.98	5.02	3.03	1.89	2.31
P-value	0.3020	0.3997	0.2462	0.0000	0.0042
Standard error	0.0027	0.4017	0.0104	0.0101	0.0173
			Feed conversion
Basal feed	2.32	2.24	2.18	2.31 a	2.31 a
0.2 enzyme complex	2.31	2.28	2.24	2.32 a	2.30 a
0.5 emulsifier	2.45	2.30	2.28	2.37 b	2.36 b
0.2 enzyme complex + 0.5 emulsifier	2.23	2.44	2.24	2.27 a	2.26 a
0.3 enzyme complex + 1.0 emulsifier	2.25	2.25	2.28	2.44 b	2.40 b
CV (%)	5.84	8.21	4.06	2.41	2.47
P-value	0.0837	0.4623	0.3608	0.0003	0.0037
Standard error	0.0551	0.0852	0.0372	0.0229	0.0234

Treatment (kg t^-1)		Period (days)
Treatment (kg t^-1)	1-14	1-28	1-42	1-56	1-70
Basal feed	100	100	100	96.66	96.66
0.2 enzyme complex	100	100	100	98.33	98.33
0.5 emulsifier	100	100	98.33	98.33	98.33
0.2 enzyme complex + 0.5 emulsifier	100	100	100	100	100
0.3 enzyme complex + 1.0 emulsifier	100	100	98.33	98.33	98.33

Treatment (kg t^-1)	YIELD (%)
Treatment (kg t^-1)	Carcass ^ns Breast ^ns Drumstick ^ns Thigh ^ns
Basal feed	73.58	22.25	15.99	16.85
0.2 enzyme complex	73.36	21.21	15.62	16.82
0.5 emulsifier	69.85	21.29	14.43	16.95
0.2 enzyme complex + 0.5 emulsifier	76.92	21.76	16.01	16.94
0.3 enzyme complex + 1.0 emulsifier	72.75	21.29	15.71	16.39
CV (%)	10.79	10.62	10.72	9.33
P-value	0.3146	0.7712	0.1372	0.9050
Standard error	2.283	0.6609	0.4811	0.4522

Treatment (kg t^-1)		YIELD (%)
Treatment (kg t^-1)	GY ns	LY ns	HYns	IY ns	AFI ^ns
Basal feed	3.03	2.43	0.66	6.11	5.07
0.2 enzyme complex	2.77	2.22	0.58	5.55	5.38
0.5 emulsifier	2.71	2.17	0.58	5.73	5.45
0.2 enzyme complex + 0.5 emulsifier	2.89	2.29	0.56	5.98	5.57
0.3 enzyme complex + 1.0 emulsifier	2.67	2.44	0.56	5.16	5.51
CV (%)	11.35	10.47	17.39	19.32	25.56
P-value	0.5999	0.7277	0.1057	0.2563	0.2343
Standard error	0.1735	0.1706	0.0295	0.3183	0.1631

Treatment (kg t^-1)	Villus height (µm)^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ (p>0.05) from each other by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level. CV: coefficient of variation.	Crypt depth (µm)^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ (p>0.05) from each other by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level. CV: coefficient of variation.	V/C^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ (p>0.05) from each other by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level. CV: coefficient of variation.
Basal feed	81.68 b	13.94 c	5.88 c
0.2 enzyme complex	76.37 c	11.77 a	6.49 b
0.5 emulsifier	82.91 b	13.03 b	6.37 b
0.2 enzyme complex + 0.5 emulsifier	85.13 b	12.99 b	6.60 b
0.3 enzyme complex + 1.0 emulsifier	98.80 a	13.96 c	7.09 a
CV (%)	4.10	5.54	7.07
P-value	0.000	0.0001	0.0028
Standard error	1.421	0.2970	0.1873

Treatment (kg t^-1)	pH
Treatment (kg t^-1)	DUODENUM ^ns	CECA ^ns
Basal feed	6.48	6.94
0.2 enzyme complex	6.37	6.77
0.5 emulsifier	6.31	6.83
0.2 enzyme complex + 0.5 emulsifier	6.13	6.99
0.3 enzyme complex + 1.0 emulsifier	6.20	6.96
CV (%)	2.10	2.54
P-value	0.4824	0.6001
Standard error	0.2051	0.2309

Universidade Federal de Goiás Universidade Federal de Goiás, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Campus II, Caixa Postal 131, CEP: 74001-970, Tel.: (55 62) 3521-1568, Fax: (55 62) 3521-1566 - Goiânia - GO - Brazil
E-mail: revistacab@gmail.com

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[1] *Correspondent: mariana.nascimentto@hotmail.com