Correlation between body mass index and joint pain intensity with gait performance in individuals with osteoarthritis

Nascimento, Sthefany Ellen de Araújo; Matias, Nyvea Maria de Souza; Ferreira, Ana Isabel da Silva; Lorêdo, Menberson Santana Souza; Raposo, Maria Cristina Falcão; Melo, Renato de Souza

doi:10.5935/2595-0118.20230074-en

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • BrJP 6 (3) • Jul-Sep 2023 • https://doi.org/10.5935/2595-0118.20230074-en copy

Correlation between body mass index and joint pain intensity with gait performance in individuals with osteoarthritis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

HIGHLIGHTS

High body mass index was correlated with the presence of pain and lower gait performance in individuals with osteoarthritis.
High pain intensity was correlated with lower gait performance in individuals with osteoarthritis.
Senior individuals and those with osteoarthritis had the highest pain intensity and the worst gait performance in this study.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) often have joint pain and are overweight or obese. Thus, the objective of this study was to observe whether there is correlation between body mass index and joint pain intensity with gait performance in individuals with OA.

METHODS:

Cross-sectional study, which evaluated 60 volunteers, being 30 with clinical diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis and 30 without the disease, of both sexes and aged between 50-82 years. Joint pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale, gait-related functional tasks using the Dynamic Gait Index, and the functional mobility using the Timed Up and Go test.

RESULTS:

There was a correlation between overweight/obesity and high levels of joint pain intensity (p=0.018), with worse performance in gait-related functional tasks (p=0.000) and with worse functional mobility (p=0.034) only for the individuals with OA. High levels of joint pain intensity also correlated with worse performance in the gait-related functional tasks (p=0.000) in the OA group, and also with worse functional mobility in the OA group (p=0.001) and also in the group of individuals without the disease (p=0.032).

CONCLUSION:

This study identified a correlation between overweight/obesity and high levels of joint pain intensity and worse gait performance in individuals with osteoarthritis. High levels of pain intensity also correlated with worse gait performance in individuals with OA.

Keywords
Accidental falls; Aging; Arthralgia; Knee Osteoarthritis; Overweight; Walking

	With OA (n= 30)		Without OA (n= 30)		p-value
	Average ± SD	n (%)	Average ± SD	n (%)
Sexes
Female		21 (70)		21 (70)	1.000^a a = Pearson’s chi-square test;
Male		09 (30)		09 (30)	1.000^a a = Pearson’s chi-square test;
Age (years)	59.7±1.54		59.5±1.57		0.912^b b = Student’s -test;
Weight (kg)	79.5±2.00		73.1±2.20		0.055^b b = Student’s -test;
Height (m)	1.64±1.90		1.67±1.76		0.123^b b = Student’s -test;
Body mass index	29.7±0.70		25.8±0.61		0.000^b b = Student’s -test;
History of falls
Yes		09 (30)		03 (10)	0.052^c c = Fisher’s exact test.
No		21 (70)		27 (90)	0.052^c c = Fisher’s exact test.
Joints with OA
Knee		28 (93.3)
Hip and knee		02 (6.7)

	With OA (n= 30)	Without OA (n= 30)	p-value
	Average ± SD	Average ± SD
Joint pain intensity	5.67 ± 0.35	2.52 ± 0.21	0.000^a a = Mann-Whitney test.
Gait-related functional tasks	17.6 ± 0.99	22.3 ± 0.53	0.001^a a = Mann-Whitney test.
Functional mobility	28.6 ± 3.15	16.8 ± 0.83	0.000^a a = Mann-Whitney test.

	With OA		Without OA
	Correlation	p-value	Correlation	p-value
Joint pain intensity	0.429	0.018^a	0.081	0.672^a
Gait-related functional tasks	-0.677	0.000^a	-0.079	0.679^a
Functional mobility	0.389	0.034^a	0.089	0.641^a

	With OA		Without OA
	Correlation	p-value	Correlation	p-value
Gait-related functional tasks	-0.646	0.000^a a Pearson’s correlation test.	-0.296	0.112^a a Pearson’s correlation test.
Functional mobility	0.589	0.001^a a Pearson’s correlation test.	0.392	0.032^a a Pearson’s correlation test.

	50-59 years (n=36)		p-value	≥60 years (n= 24)		p-value
	With OA (n=18)	Without OA (n=18)		With OA (n=12)	Without OA (n=12)
	Average ± SD	Average ± SD		Average ± SD	Average ± SD
Age	54.3±0.64	54.0±0.51	0.710^a a = Student’s -test;	67.6±2.26	67.8±2.83	0.959^a a = Student’s -test;
Body mass index	28.4±0.81	25.8±0.89	0.042^a a = Student’s -test;	31.7±1.06	25.9±0.80	0.000^a a = Student’s -test;
Joint pain intensity	4.67±0.39	2.03±1.80	0.000^b b = Mann-Whitney test.	6.67±1.72	2.49±1.41	0.000^b b = Mann-Whitney test.
Gait-related functional tasks	20.6±4.36	23.6±1.13	0.000^b b = Mann-Whitney test.	13.1±3.48	19.9±3.39	0.000^b b = Mann-Whitney test.
Functional Mobility	20.1±4.79	15.0±2.08	0.022^b b = Mann-Whitney test.	41.2±1.25	19.6±5.82	0.005^b b = Mann-Whitney test.

Groups	Variables	Model of TUG		Model of DGI
Groups	Variables	Coefficient	p-value	Coefficient	p-value
With OA	Intercept	-55.435	0.001	50.528	0.000
	Age	1.088	0.000	-0.170	0.046
	BMI	-------	------	-0.578	0.003
	Pain	3.489	0.006	-1.016	0.009
Without OA	Intercept	-0.185	0.969	----	----
	Age	0.279	0.001	----	----
	BMI	---	---	----	----
	Pain	1.245	0.036	----	----

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