| Canarslan and Akbayrak1414 Canarslan B, Akbayrak T. Assessing the effects of clinical pilates exercises on the strength of abdominal muscles and diastasis recti abdominis in pregnant women. Fiz Rehabil. 2017;28(2):42-3.
|
VAS (low back pain and fatigue intensity);
Muscle strength test (abdominal muscle strength);
Palpation (abdominal diastasis);
SF-36 questionnaire (QoL);
BDI (psychological state);
FSS (fatigue severity) |
Management: MatPilates.
Exercises: cleopatra, saw, toy soldier, mermaid, chest stretch, swinging, crock screw, mini squat, one leg stretch, double leg stretch, shoulder bridge, clam, hip twist, side kick, basic push up, salute, rowing, hug a tree, hip twist, side kick, point & flex, arm openings, little abdominal curls, little peace of heaven, leg circles and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises.
Intensity: 1st protocol (first half of second trimester); 2nd protocol (second half of second trimester); 3rd protocol (first four weeks of third trimester); 4th protocol (last two weeks of third trimester).
Sessions: 40 sessions (60 min each).
Frequency: 2x/week.
Weeks: 20 weeks. |
Conduct: irregular voluntary walks.
Exercises: unspecified.
Intensity: unspecified.
Sessions: unspecified.
Frequency: unspecified.
Weeks: 20 weeks. |
After intervention:
PG: ↑abdominal muscle strength, ↑abdominal diastasis.
CG: ↑pain, ↓abdominal muscle strength, ↑abdominal diastasis.
Comparison between groups:
Superiority of PG over CG: pain (2nd and 3rd trimester), abdominal muscle strength (2nd and 3rd trimester), abdominal diastasis (2nd and 3rd trimester), quality of life (2nd and 3rd trimester), psychological state (3rd trimester), and fatigue intensity (1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester). |
| Dias et al.1515 Dias NT, Ferreira LR, Fernandes MG, Resende APM, Pereira-Baldon VS. A Pilates exercise program with pelvic floor muscle contraction: Is it effective for pregnant women? A randomized controlled trial. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37(1):379-84.
|
Manometer (PFM strength);
Oxford scale (PFM strength, PFM resistance and PFM repeatability). |
Conduct: MatPilates + accessories, such as exercise mats, swiss balls and elastic bands.
Exercises: unspecified.
Intensity: light (4 weeks) → moderate (4 weeks); 8 repetitions; Borg Scale 13-14.
Sessions: 16 sessions (60 min each).
Frequency: 2x/week.
Weeks: 08 weeks. |
Conduct: kinesiotherapy.
Exercises: walking (10 min); strengthening of lower and upper limbs and trunk (with elastic band and body weight resistance); stretching and relaxation.
Intensity: light (4 weeks) → moderate (4 weeks); 8 repetitions; Borg Scale 13-14.
Sessions: 16 sessions (60 min each).
Frequency: 2x/week.
Weeks: 08 weeks. |
After intervention: PG: ↑HS strength (Oxford Scale): ↑HS resistance, ↑HS repeatability. CG: no difference. Comparison between groups:
Superiority of PG over CG: HS strength (Oxford Scale), HS resistance, and HS repeatability. |
| Oktaviani1616 Oktaviani I. Pilates workouts can reduce pain in pregnant women. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018;31(1):349-51.
|
VAS (pain intensity) |
Management: MatPilates.
Exercises: gentle breathing and stretching (10 min), 70-80 unspecified Pilates exercises (50-60 min), relaxation (10 min).
Intensity: unspecified.
Sessions: 08 sessions (60 min each).
Frequency: 1x/week.
Weeks: 08 weeks. |
Conduct: kinesiotherapy.
Exercises: unspecified.
Intensity: unspecified.
Sessions: 08 sessions (60 min each).
Frequency: 1x/week.
Weeks: 08 weeks. |
After intervention:
PG: ↓pain.
CG: ↓pain.
Comparison between groups:
Superiority of PG over CG: pain. |
| Rodríguez-Díaz et al.1717 Rodríguez-Díaz L, Ruiz-Frutos C, Vázquez-Lara JM, Ramírez-Rodrigo J, Villaverde-Gutiérrez C, Torres-Luque G. Effectiveness of a physical activity programme based on the Pilates method in pregnancy and labour. Enferm Clín. 2017;27(5):271-7.
|
Anthropometry (height, weight, and BMI);
Blood pressure;
Manual dynamometry (manual strength);
Goniometry (ischial flexibility);
Inclinometer (spine curvatures). |
Conduct: MatPilates + accessories (balls, elastic bands and Magic Circle).
Exercises: posture and warm-up (5-8 min), aerobic and toning phase (25-30 min); flexibility phase (5-10 min); relaxation (5-10 min), unspecified.
Intensity: unspecified.
Sessions: 16 sessions (40-45 min each).
Frequency: 2x/week.
Weeks: 08 weeks. |
Conduct: monitored general guidance.
Exercises: unspecified.
Intensity: unspecified.
Sessions: unspecified.
Frequency: unspecified.
Weeks: 08 weeks. |
After intervention:
PG: ↑weight, ↑BMI, ↓SBP, ↓SBP, ↑HS, ↑flexibility of the hamstring muscles, ↓thoracic kyphosis, ↓lumbar lordosis,
CG: ↑weight, ↑BMI, ↑SBP, ↑SBP, ↓HS, ↓flexibility of the hamstring muscles, ↑thoracic kyphosis, ↑lumbar lordosis.
Comparison between groups:
Superiority of PG over CG: all variables. |
| Sonmezer, Özköslü and Yosmaoğl1010 Sonmezer E, Özköslü MA, Yosmaoglu HB. The effects of clinical pilates exercises on functional disability, pain, quality of life and lumbopelvic stabilization in pregnant women with low back pain: a randomized controlled study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2020;1(1):1-8.
|
VAS (pain intensity);
Oswestry questionnaire (impact on functional capacity);
NHP Questionnaire (QoL);
Biofeedback in lumbopelvic muscles (lumbar stabilization) |
Conduct: MatPilates + accessories (balls, elastic bands and Magic Circle).
Exercises: chest stretch, swinging, one arm circle, double arm circle, cat, dog, toy soldier, side rotation, push up, roll down, roll up, shoulder bridge, one leg stretch, scissors, side kick, spine stretch, spine twist, double arm stretch, leg pull prone (plank).
Intensity: 2-3 sets, 3-12 repetitions. Progression every two weeks.
Sessions: 16 sessions.
Frequency: 2x/week.
Weeks: 08 weeks. |
Conduct: prenatal and monitored general guidance.
Exercises: not prescribed.
Intensity: does not apply.
Sessions: does not apply.
Frequency: does not apply.
Weeks: 08 weeks. |
After intervention:
PG: ↓pain, ↓disability, ↑QoL (sleep and physical mobility parameters), ↑lumbar-pelvic stabilization.
CG: no alterations.
Comparison between groups:
Superiority of PG over CG: all variables. |
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