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Study of some characteristics of soil water with monolith lysimeters

In this paper the authors present the data obtained in podzolic Lins and Marilia v. Marilia soil, ortho-red yellow podzolic soil, and latosolic roxo in the monolith lysimeters located at Campinas Experiment Station of Instituto Agronômico, São Paulo, Brazil. The lysimeter and evaporimeter set up measures the water losses by percolation, surface runoff and evapotranspiration. It has been determined the surface runoff and percolation losses from three soil profile depths (0.45 m; 0.90 m, and 1.80 m) in soils with different soil cover: crop rotation (cotton, soybeans, corn, meadow, meadow); no cover, bare soil; straw mulch; coffee tree; coffee tree + straw mulch; coffee tree + dust mulch; coffee tree + irrigation. In the podzolic Lins and Marilia var. Marilia no difference in percolation and surface runoff was found from the influence of the soil depth profile. The soil surface runoff and the percolation losses varied from the different soil use; no difference in percolation was found from the influence of different coffee practices. The evapotranspiration was greater at the evaporimeters with coffee tree when compared with the ones with bare soil or with straw mulch. In the ortho-red yellow podzolic soil with the increase of the profile depth the percolation decreases and the surface runoff increases; there is a close relationship between precipitation and amount of percolation. The soil surface runoff and the percolation losses varied from the different soil use and with the different coffee practices. The evapotranspiration was greater at the evaporimeters with coffee tree when compared with the ones with bare soil or with straw mulch. In the latosolic roxo with the increase of the profile depth the percolation increases. There is a close relationship between precipitation and amount of percolation; the soil surface runoff and the percolation losses varied from the different soil use and with the different coffee practices. The evapotranspiration was greater at the evaporimeters with coffee tree when compared with the ones with bare soil or with straw mulch.


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