Enlist volunteer corn affects the crop development and seed quality of Enlist soybean

Mazon, Alcimar Spindola; Cechin, Joanei; Piasecki, Cristiano; Gazola, Juliano; Henckes, Jonas Rodrigo; Meneghello, Geri; Agostinetto, Dirceu

doi:10.1590/1678-4499.20210207

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Article • Bragantia 81 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210207 copy

Enlist volunteer corn affects the crop development and seed quality of Enlist soybean

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Enlist^TM technology is a new trait on soybean and corn conferring tolerance to auxinic-type (2,4-D choline) and graminicides (aryloxyphenoxypropionates – FOPs) herbicides. However, the occurrence of volunteer corn tolerant to 2,4-D and FOPs can become a significant weed on soybean cropping systems, affecting the crop yield and reducing seed quality. This research aimed to evaluate herbicides to Enlist^TM volunteer corn control and their effects on plant development, crop yield, and physiological seed quality of Enlist^TM soybean. Field experiment was performed in a complete randomized block experimental design with four replicates, using a density of 10 plants·m^-2 of Enlist^TM volunteer corn. Treatments consisted of herbicides applied at 3-4-leaves stage of volunteer corn with haloxyfop-P-methyl, clethodim, pinoxaden, cloransulam-methyl and imazethapyr regarding to a control with and without volunteer corn. The development and yield components of Enlist^TM soybean were evaluated and physiological seed testing performed on soybean’s seeds. Clethodim controlled Enlist^TM volunteer corn, whereas haloxyfop-P-methyl, pinoxaden, and cloransulam-methyl showed insufficient control levels (30-35%) at 30 days after spray. Imazethapyr exhibited 84% of control of Enlist^TM volunteer co^rn and injured the Enlist^TM soybean, affecting its seed viability. Enlist^TM volunteer corn interferences negatively the soybean crop yield, yield components, and affects the plant development pattern.

Key words
acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibiting herbicides; synthetic auxins; weed interference; seed analysis

Herbicide treatment	Rate (g ai·ha^-1)	Control (%)
Herbicide treatment	Rate (g ai·ha^-1)	10 DAA	20 DAA	30 DAA
Control with volunteer corn	-	0.0 e^* * Same lowercase letters in the column did not differ by Duncan’s test (p < 0.05); DAA: days after application.	0.0 e	0.0 e
Control without volunteer corn	-	100 a	100 a	100 a
Haloxyfop-P-methyl	60	8.0 e	12 d	14 d
Clethodim	108	91 b	98 a	100 a
Pinoxaden	30	24 d	19 d	16 d
Cloransulam-methyl	40	30 d	32 c	35 c
Imazetapyr	100	60 c	87 b	84 b
Coefficient of variation (%)		5.1	3.3	4.8
Herbicide treatment	Rate (g ai·ha^-1)	Enlist soybean injury (%)
Control with volunteer corn	-	0.0 c	0.0 c	0.0 c
Control without volunteer corn	-	0.0 c	0.0 c	0.0 c
Haloxyfop-p-methyl	60	3.0 c	0.0 c	0.0 c
Clethodim	108	5.0 c	2.0 c	0.0 c
Pinoxaden	30	5.0 c	1.0 c	0.0 c
Cloransulam-methyl	40	10 b	8.0 b	6.0 b
Imazetapyr	100	19 a	16 a	13 a
Coefficient of variation (%)		19.9	11.5	8.1

Herbicide treatment	Rate (g ai·ha^-1)	Morphological parameters
Herbicide treatment	Rate (g ai·ha^-1)	PH (m)	HFPI (cm)	INP	BNP
Control with volunteer corn	-	1.43 a^* * *Same lowercase letters in the column did not differ by Duncan’s test (p < 0.05); PH: plant height; HFPI: height of first pod insertion; INP: internodes number per plant; BNP: branches number per plant; PNP: pod number per plant; SP: seeds per plant; SW: 1,000-seed weight; GY: grain yield.	29.8 a	17.2 b	2.6 c
Control without volunteer corn	-	1.25 c	28.4 a	21.1 a	4.0 a
Haloxyfop-P-methyl	60	1.42 a	24.6 b	17.1 b	2.0 c
Clethodim	108	1.33 b	23.9 b	22.4 a	4.2 a
Pinoxaden	30	1.46 a	26.0 b	17.5 b	2.4 c
Cloransulam-methyl	40	1.37 b	22.8 c	18.9 b	2.2 c
Imazetapyr	100	1.35 b	22.1 c	22.3 a	3.6 b
Coefficient of variation (%)		5.8	5.3	7.2	15.6
Herbicide treatment	Rate (g ai·ha^-1)	Soybean yield components
Herbicide treatment	Rate (g ai·ha^-1)	PNP	SP	SW (g)	GY (kg·ha^-1)
Control with volunteer corn	-	27.9 c^* * *Same lowercase letters in the column did not differ by Duncan’s test (p < 0.05); PH: plant height; HFPI: height of first pod insertion; INP: internodes number per plant; BNP: branches number per plant; PNP: pod number per plant; SP: seeds per plant; SW: 1,000-seed weight; GY: grain yield.	71 c	179.3 a	868.5 c
Control without volunteer corn	-	86.3 a	196 a	166.4 c	3536.1 a
Haloxyfop-P-methyl	60	29.3 c	63 c	176.1 a	954.1 c
Clethodim	108	89.8 a	204 a	162.8 c	3268.4 a
Pinoxaden	30	30.2 c	66 c	179.2 a	839.8 c
Cloransulam-methyl	40	31.8 c	70 c	178.9 a	1172.6 c
Imazetapyr	100	61.4 b	138 b	171.5 b	2277.4 b
Coefficient of variation (%)		26.7	28.1	3.6	21.1

Herbicide treatment	Rate (g ai·ha^-1)	G (%)	FCC (%)		AA (%)		FE (%)
Control with volunteer corn	-	92 b^* * Same lowercase letters in the column did not differ by Duncan’s test (p < 0.05).	79 b		92 b		95 b
Control without volunteer corn	-	97 a	84 a		95 a		99 a
Haloxyfop-P-methyl	60	93 b	86 a		95 a		99 a
Clethodim	108	92 b	83 a		94 a		97 a
Pinoxaden	30	98 a	86 a		94 a		99 a
Cloransulam-methyl	40	97 a	76 b		90 b		98 a
Imazetapyr	100	95 ab	73 b		90 b		94 b
Coefficient of variation (%)		1.8	7.1		2.7		2.0
Herbicide treatment		Rate (g ai·ha^-1)		Tetrazolium testing (%)
Herbicide treatment		Rate (g ai·ha^-1)		Vigour		Viability
Control with volunteer corn		-		94 b * Same lowercase letters in the column did not differ by Duncan’s test (p < 0.05). *		96 a
Control without volunteer corn		-		97 a		98 a
Haloxyfop-P-methyl		60		98 a		99 a
Clethodim		108		98 a		98 a
Pinoxaden		30		98 a		99 a
Cloransulam-methyl		40		97 a		98 a
Imazetapyr		100		86 c		91 b
Coefficient of variation (%)				3.1		2.8

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[1] * Corresponding author: joaneicechin@yahoo.com.br