Rhizobial diversity in shrub-tree legume-based silvopastoral systems

Santos, Adriana Bezerra dos; Fracetto, Giselle Gomes Monteiro; Fracetto, Felipe José Cury; Lira Junior, Mario Andrade

doi:10.1590/1678-4499.20210336

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Article • Bragantia 81 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20210336 copy

Rhizobial diversity in shrub-tree legume-based silvopastoral systems

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Silvopastoral systems based on tree legumes intercropped with forage grasses can harbor a high diversity of rhizobia, and these bacteria are good indicators of soil quality in several management systems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphophysiological, genetic and symbiotic diversity of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] rhizobia from soils under silvopastoral systems based on shrub-tree legumes. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with three treatments and three replications, consisting of signalgrass (Urochloa decumbens Stapf.) intercropped with sabia (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia); signalgrass intercropped with gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) and single signalgrass. The samples were collected in the legume row (0 meter) and 4 and 8 meters away. Later, cowpea was used as a trap plant to capture the rhizobia. All strains were phenotypically characterized, authenticated, and genetically identified. Phenotypical characterization of the 431 isolates showed high diversity forming 69 groups at 100% similarity, of which 60 were able to nodulate cowpea during the authentication, and 36 presented relative efficiency superior or equal to the recommended bacteria for the crop. Most of the sequenced strains belonged to Bradyrhizobium (67%) and Methylobacterium (9%). Leifsonia (9%), Cohnella (6%), Rhizobium (3%), Burkholderia (3%), and Paenibacillus (3%) were also represented. Soils under silvopastoral systems harbor efficient rhizobia populations in cowpea with a high genetic diversity, which can be recommended for agronomic efficiency assays.

Key words
Methylobacterium ; Gliricidia sepium ; pasture; Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia ; Vigna unguiculata

Distance (m)	pH Water 1:2.5	Ca	Mg	Al	Na	K	H + Al	P (mg·dm^-3)
Distance (m)	pH Water 1:2.5	(cmol_c·dm^-3)						P (mg·dm^-3)
		B + S
0	5.0	4.68	1.20	0.43	0.06	0.24	8.31	8
4	5.1	3.62	2.42	0.50	0.07	0.16	7.92	11
8	5.3	4.32	1.88	0.31	0.06	0.17	7.41	6
		B + G
0	5.2	4.43	1.17	0.41	0.06	0.23	7.60	9
4	5.5	4.68	1.90	0.15	0.08	0.30	6.75	7
8	5.6	4.60	2.43	0.20	0.05	0.24	6.48	6
		B
	5.6	3.70	2.00	0.17	0.04	0.19	6.48	9

Strain	Origin of isolates	NN	NDM (mg)	RDM (g)	SDM (g)	RE (%)
43 R1.1	B + G	86.00 a	70 a	0.24 b	1.20 a	338.31 a
35 R3.3	B + G	66.66 a	70 a	0.33 a	1.06 a	297.19 a
42 R2.1	B + G	64.66 a	280 a	0.37 a	1.04 a	291.59 a
44 R1.1	B + G	62.00 a	60 a	0.30 a	1.01 a	284.11 a
51 R2.2	B + G	49.00 a	50 a	0.16 b	0.96 a	271.03 a
57 R3.1	B + G	61.33 a	70 a	0.22 b	0.94 a	263.55 a
65A R1.1	B + G	78.33 a	70 a	0.42 a	0.91 a	257.01 a
1 R3.2	B + G	50.00 a	50 a	0.22 b	0.91 a	256.07 a
35 R3.1	B + G	52.66 a	50 a	0.27 a	0.86 a	241.12 a
17A R2.2	B + G	66.00 a	50 a	0.23 b	0.86 a	242.99 a
11 R3.2	B + G	56.33 a	70 a	0.28 a	0.86 a	242.05 a
58 R3.2	B + G	62.66 a	90 a	0.26 a	0.82 a	230.84 a
36 R1	B + G	54.00 a	80 a	0.25 b	0.81 a	227.10 a
10 R2.1	B + G	35.66 a	70 a	0.19 b	0.77 a	216.82 a
2B R2.2	B + G	39.66 a	40 a	0.14 b	0.55 b	211.33 a
37 R1.1	B + G	53.33 a	50 a	0.35 a	0.70 a	197.19 a
12 R2.1	B + G	31.00 b	30 a	0.18 b	0.69 a	194.39 a
33 R2.2	B + G	25.00 b	40 a	0.30 a	0.63 b	178.50 b
44A R1.1	B + G	49.33 a	40 a	0.13 b	0.60 b	170.09 b
18 R3.1	B + G	29.33 b	50 a	0.18 b	0.60 b	168.22 b
11 R2.1	B + G	0.00 c	0.00 c	0.27 a	0.48 b	135.51 b
25C R1	B + G	0.00 c	0.00 c	0.30 a	0.46 b	128.97 c
17A R2.1	B + G	0.00 c	0.00 c	0.19 b	0.44 b	125.23 c
49 R3.6	B + G	17.00 b	30 a	0.18 b	0.42 c	119.62 c
51 R2 1	B + G	16.00 b	20 a	0.33 a	0.41 c	113.08 c
65B R1.1	B + G	0.00 c	0.00 c	0.31 a	0.36 c	100.93 c
49B R1.1	B + G	0.00 c	0.00 c	0.33 a	0.27 c	77.57 c
49 R2.2	B + G	0.00 c	0.00 c	0.22 b	0.19 c	55.13 c
97A R2.1	B + S	57.33 a	70 a	0.30 a	1.15 a	323.36 a
114C R1	B + S	55.33 a	70 a	0.29 a	1.07 a	300 a
83 R1.1	B + S	58.66 a	70 a	0.32 a	1.06 a	299.06 a
113 R1.1	B + S	62.66 a	80 a	0.34 a	1.01 a	283.18 a
90A R1	B + S	63.66 a	60 a	0.19 b	1.00 a	280.37 a
91B R1.2	B + S	43.33 a	70 a	0.29 a	0.98 a	274.76 a
81A R2.2	B + S	63.00 a	80 a	0.29 a	0.95 a	267.29 a
124 R2.1	B + S	58.66 a	60 a	0.22 b	0.90 a	253.27 a
89 R3.1	B + S	55.33 a	60 a	0.27 a	0.89 a	251.40 a
115 R3.1	B + S	57.33 a	60 a	0.18 b	0.89 a	251.40 a
113 R2.2	B + S	45.66 a	70 a	0.22 b	0.89 a	251.40 a
138A R1.2	B + S	50.33 a	50 a	0.31 a	0.89 a	249.53 a
141 R3.2	B + S	51.66 a	60 a	0.23 b	0.89 a	249.53 a
90B R1	B + S	62.33 a	50 a	0.37 a	0.88 a	246.72 a
97 R3.3	B + S	51.33 a	50 a	0.22 b	0.86 a	242.05 a
138A R3.1	B + S	56.00 a	60 a	0.28 a	0.85 a	239.25 a
130 R3.1	B + S	46.33 a	70 a	0.32 a	0.84 a	236.45 a
75 R2.2	B + S	61.33 a	40 a	0.26 a	0.80 a	224.30 a
108 R3.4	B + S	41.66 a	40 a	0.28 a	0.64 b	180.37 b
107D R2.1	B + S	46.00 a	50 a	0.21 b	0.64 b	180.37 b
107B R2.2	B + S	21.66 b	50 a	0.19 b	0.60 b	169.16 b
105 R1.1	B + S	15.33 b	40 a	0.22 b	0.55 b	156.07 b
89A R1.2	B + S	30.33 b	30 a	0.15 b	0.53 b	149.53 b
122 R3.7	B + S	11.66 b	60 a	0.24 b	0.51 b	143.92 b
138B R1.2	B + S	0.00 c	0.00 c	0.30 a	0.45 b	126.16 c
92B R2.1	B + S	0.40 c	0.00 c	0.00 a	0.23 c	115.23 c
74A R1.2	B + S	0.00 c	0.00 c	0.16 b	0.37 c	104.67 c
75 R3.2	B + S	0.00 c	0.00 c	0.34 a	0.34 c	96.26 c
130 R2.2	B + S	0.00 c	0.00 c	0.35 a	0.33 c	92.52 c
92A R2.2	B + S	0.00 c	0.00 c	0.31 a	0.32 c	89.71 c
91A R1.2	B + S	12.50 b	40 a	0.26 a	0.46 b	86.91 c
113 R1.2	B + S	20.33 b	20 a	0.32 a	0.26 c	72.89 c
145 R3.1	B	48.00 a	50 a	0.33 a	1.08 a	303.73 a
162 R3.2	B	64.66 a	60 a	0.31 a	0.97 a	271.96 a
154 R2.2	B	66.00 a	70 a	0.30 a	0.90 a	253.27 a
155 R1.1	B	75.00 a	80 a	0.30 a	0.94 a	264.48 a
147 R3.6	B	64.33 a	80 a	0.27 a	0.93 a	262.61 a
148 R1	B	61.66 a	60 a	0.24 b	0.81 a	228.03 a
147 R3.3	B	54.00 a	50 a	0.29 a	1.06 a	199.06 a
155A R2.1	B	24.33 b	40 a	0.21 b	0.44 b	125.23 c
146 R2	B	14.66 b	0.00 c	0.17 b	0.31 c	86.91 c
BR3262		50.66 a	90 a	0.30 a	1.03 a	290.65 a
BR3267		42.33 a	60 a	0.20 b	0.79 a	221.49 a
TA		0.00 c	0.00 c	0.12 b	0.22 c	61.68 c
TN		0.00 c	0.00 c	0.34 a	0.35 c	100.00 c
Mean a		56.45	47.6	0.3	0.92	255.96
Mean b		20.72	-	0.19	0.53	163.17
Mean c		0.00	-	-	0.31	98.88
VC%		39.7	90.88	35.91	24.34	24.5

Strain	Origin	Cultural characteristics^a a F: fast growth; S: slow growth; I: intermediate growth; VS: very slow growth; AL: medium alkalination; A: medium acidification; N: none pH changed; SC: scarce production mucus; M: moderate mucus production; L: low mucus production; RE: relative efficiency; B + S: signalgrass intercropped with shrub-tree sabia; B + G: signalgrass intercropped with shrub-tree gliricidia; B: single signalgrass.	RE%^b	Nucleotide number	Top-hit type strain on EzBioCloud	Similarity (%)
Strain	Origin		RE%^b	Nucleotide number	Species	Similarity (%)
43 R1.1	B + G	S/AL/SC	338.31	1,191	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	96.50
97A R2.1	B + S	I/A/M	323.36	1,172	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	99.06
145 R3.1	B	S/AL/L	303.73	1,168	Bradyrhizobium huanghuaihaiense CGMCC 1.10948	99.91
114C R1	B + S	VS/AL/SC	300.00	874	Methylobacterium radiotolerans JCM 2831	99.77
83 R1.1	B + S	S/AL/L	299.06	1,171	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	98.89
35 R3.3	B + G	F/A/L	297.19	1,181	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	96.50
42 R2.1	B + G	I/N/L	291.59	1,251	Cohnella xylanilytica MX15-2	96.88
44 R1.1	B + G	S/N/SC	284.11	1,122	Rhizobium altiplani BR10423	98.31
113 R1.1	B + S	I/N/SC	283.18	1,173	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	99.57
90A R1	B + S	S/A/L	280.37	1,035	Leifsonia shinshuensis JCM 10591	92.37
51 R2.2	B + G	I/A/M	271.03	1,167	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	98.11
81A R2.2	B + G	F/AL/L	267.29	863	Methylobacterium longum 440	83.22
155 R1.1	B	VS/A/L	264.48	1,303	Cohnella plantaginis YN-83	93.92
57 R3.1	B + G	I/N/L	263.55	1,197	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	96.24
147 R3.6	B	VS/AL/L	262.61	1,169	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	98.89
65A R1.1	B + G	S/N/SC	257.01	1,188	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	98.61
1 R3.2	B + G	I/AL/M	256.07	1,170	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	99.83
154 R2.2	B	F/A/SC	253.27	1,079	Leifsonia shinshuensis JCM 10591	98.61
124 R2.1	B + S	VS/N/SC	253.27	1,173	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	96.92
115 R3.1	B + S	S/N/M	251.40	1,171	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	99.66
89 R3.1	B + S	F/AL/SC	251.40	850	Methylobacterium radiotolerans JCM 2831	94.35
138A R1.2	B + S	VS/N/M	249.53	1,173	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	99.14
90B R1.1	B + S	VS/N/M	246.72	1,170	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	99.40
17A R2.2	B + G	F/N/M	242.99	1,113	Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 25416	99.91
11 R3.2	B + G	S/AL/L	242.05	1,172	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	99.06
35 R3.1	B + G	I/AL/SC	241.12	1,171	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	98.89
130 R3.1	B + S	I/N/M	236.45	1,173	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	99.57
58 R3.2	B + G	S/N/L	230.84	1,179	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	97.61
148 R1	B	VS/N/SC	228.03	1,170	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	99.74
36 R1	B + G	S/A/SC	227.10	1,085	Leifsonia shinshuensis JCM 10591	98.68
75 R2.2	B + S	F/A/M	224.30	1,245	Paenibacillus cineris LMG 18439	98.14
147 R3.3	B	S/AL/L	199.06	1,194	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	96.93
162 R3.2	B	I/N/M	271.96	1,171	Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76	99.57

Instituto Agronômico de Campinas Avenida Barão de Itapura, 1481, 13020-902, Tel.: +55 19 2137-0653, Fax: +55 19 2137-0666 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bragantia@iac.sp.gov.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] *Corresponding author: giselle.fracetto@ufrpe.br