Experiments were carried out in glass-house, in order to evaluate the number and efficiency of native rhizobia nodulating perennial soybean and siratro in four soils under grasses and perennial soybean vegetations. All the experiments were carried out in Leonard jars; the efficiency of native rhizobia was compared with the effective SMS-137 (=CB453) strain. Results have shown that the MPN of Rhizobiumnodulating perennial soybean in soils under grasses were between 0.36xl0² and 15.7xl0². For siratro, higher populations were observed and the numbers were between 0.36 x 10² and 126.0 x 10². It was also observed that the population of Rhizobiumnodulating siratro and perennial soybean, in the Latosolic B Terra Roxa under vegetation of perennial soybean is higher than under pangola grass (Digitaria decumbensStent), or corn. The efficiency of indigenous Rhizobiumwhich associates with perennial soybean was similar to that of the strain SMS-137 for the Podzolized Soil on Calcareous Sandstone-Marilia variation, but not for the others soils (Dark Red Latosol Sand Phase, Ortho Red-Yellow Latosol, and Latosolic B Terra Roxa). Previous cropping with perennial soybean did not affected significantly the efficiency of perennial soybean rhizobia. The efficiency of indigenous rhizobia which associates with siratro was lower than that of strain SMS-137 only in the case of the Latosolic B Terra Roxa. Previous cropping with perennial soybean has increased the efficiency of siratro Rhizobium, indigenous to that soil.