Eighteen triticale and two wheat cultivars were evaluated in field experiments in order to test their yield capacity, resistance to prevailing diseases and agronomic and seed characteristics. The experiments were carried out at three locations in the State of São Paulo during the years of 1982, 1983 and 1984. Grain yield, number of days from emergence to maturation, head length; head sterility; weight of 1000 grains, number of grains per gram, weight of one hectoliter, resistance to stem and leaf rust and other leaf diseases were evaluated under field conditions. In relation to grain yield it was found high significant effect of cultivars, locations, years, cultivars x location and locations x years. The interaction between cultivars and years was significant at the 5% level. The effect of locations was more evident than years in the cultivars performance. The triticale cultivars PFT 7882, PFT 7719, TCEP 7846, TCEP 7718, TCEP-7889, TCEP-77138, PFT-766, TCEP-7789, PFT-7983, PFT 7228 and TCEP-77140 showed the best grain yield considering all experiments. The wheat cultivars presented low yield compared to triticale cultivars in Mococa (lowland condition) due to occurrence of a severe head sterility. The wheat cultivars in general showed higher weight of one hectoliter and lower 1000-grain-weight in relation to triticale cultivars. Wheat cultivars were more susceptible to leaf and stem rust compared to triticale and no significant differences were found among wheat and triticale cultivars in relation to resistance to Helminthosporium sp. and Septoria sp., both species are susceptible to these diseases.
wheat; triticale; grain yield; leaf and stem rusts; head sterility; 1000-grain-weight; hectolotric weight